UMTS POWER CONTROL

M U S TA FA F E V Z I U YS A L

PURPOSE OF POWER CONTROL

To eliminate impact of

the near-far effect on UL direction Minimize effects of fast and slow fading on DL direction Decrease network interference, increase the capacity and quality of network Battery/Energy Consumption for UE

PREVENTS NEAR-FAR EFFECT

In the uplink, if a UE near the Node B has too high transmit power, it may cause great

interference to other UEs on the edge of the cell or even block the whole cell. This is called near-far effect. To avoid near-far effect, uplink power control is required.

There can large path loss difference between UE1 (cell centre) and UE3 (cell edge) If both UEs are transmitting with the same power then UE1 will block UE3 (and other cell edge users too) Power control will drive transmission powers of UE1 and UE3 to the minimum level that is required to meet QoS In Node B received powers from UE1 and UE3 will be the same for same services

RX Level UE-1,2,3 Without Power Control TX Level UE-1 = TX Level UE-2 = TX Level UE-3 RX Level UE-1 > RX Level UE-2 > RX Level UE-3 TX Level UE-1 TX Level UE-2 TX Level UE-3 With Power Control TX Level UE-1 < TX Level UE-2 < TX Level UE-3 RX Level UE-1 = RX Level UE-2 = RX Level UE-3

NodeB

UE1

UE2

UE3

Algoritm of Power Control

Open-Loop Power Control

Increase Transmit Power Compute Intal Transmit Power

Outer-Loop (slow) Power Control

Inner-Loop (fast) Power Control

Measure received from Power

No

No UE Begins Uplink TCH Transmission BLER Acceptable ? Yes

Raise RX Power Target

No
Received Power Target ?

Increase UE Transmit Power

Transmit Power Preamble

Access Acknowledged ?

Lower RX Power Target

Yes

Decrease UE Transmit Power

POWER CONTROL MECHANISM IN UMTS

Open loop power control Takes place at initial access in order to set the initial transmit power. (Is based on the path loss measured by the mobile) Closed loop power control Inner closed loop power control
o

This is the fast power control (1.5 kHz) and is controlled by the Node-B/mobile based on the SIR targets sent from the RNC/mobile. The aim of the Inner closed loop power control is to control the transmitted power (UL and DL) on the air interface so that the SIR target scan be fulfilled. The outer closed loop power control sets SIR target for the Inner closed loop power. The rate is 10-100 Hz typically.

Outer closed loop power control

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OPEN LOOP POWER CONTROL

Uplink Open Loop Power Control
Connection established with minimum interference to other users

Downlink Open Loop Power Control

Minimum downlink power used to setup a connection thus maximizing downlink capacityUE

Dedicated channel at just enough power

Dedicated channel at just enough power

UE-1
1) UE measures pilot 2) Reads interference level from Broadcast channel

UE-1
1) Uses parameters to calculate required power dedicated

UE-2

4) The power is ramped up until a response is heard or maximum number of reattemts is reached

NODEB

3) The power is ramped up until a response is heard or until a certain maximum UE-2 power is reached

The UE estimates the power loss of signals on the propagation path by measuring the downlink channel signals, then calculate the transmission power of the uplink channel Under the FDD mode, fast fading of the uplink channel is unrelated to fast fading of the downlink channel.

UL
RACH RACH

AICH

In the range of a cell, signal fading caused by fast fading is usually more serious than that caused by propagation loss. Therefore, RACH open loop power control is applied only at the beginning of

RACH

DL

connection setup, generally in setting the initial power value.

CLOSED LOOP POWER CONTROL

Inner Loop (Fast) power
Outer loop PC: RNC adjust the target SIR in order to meet target BLER

control:

Fast PC: Node B command terminal to change transmit power in order to meet target SIR

Received SIR

UE RNC

NodeB

Outer loop power control Inner loop power control

Aim is to compensate the effect of fast fading Gain from fast power control is largest for slowly moving UEs and when fading is flat, i.e. there is multi-path diversity Fast power control drives the received power to a target SIR. This value is discussed more closely in connection with dimensioning.

Outer loop power control Adjust the target SIR according to service QoS.

INNER LOOP POWER CONTROL

Uplink Inner Loop Power Control
Uplink signal to Interference (SIR) target is maintained for all services

Downlink Inner Loop Power Control

Minimum power for each connections is maintained, thus maximizing downlink capacity

Increased Power UE-2 Commands are fast enough (1500 times per second) to compensate for Rayleigh fading UE-1 NODEB

Increased Power UE-2

UE-1

The inner loop power control in the physical layer (adjustment is done with Transmit Power Control (TPC) commands) adjust the peer entity transmit power so that the measured SIR fulfils the SIRTARGET requirement. The receiving entity (UE physical layer or Node B physical layer) measures the SIR and compares in to the SIRTARGET. If SIREST-SIRTARGET is larger than 0 then TPC bits = 00, therefore commanding is peer entity to reduce is transmit power. The TPC is transmitted once in every timeslot. There is no netural command, it is either up or down.

TRANSMIT POWER CONTROL (TPC)

Outer loop power control sets signal-to-interference ratio Inner loop power control in Layer 1 adjustets peer entity transmit power so that the

measured SIR fulfitls SIRTARGET requirements

UE
Adjusts Tx power based on received TPC commands

NodeB
SIR measurement on UL DPCCH Generate TPC commands by comparing the measured SIR to SIR target Decode data blocks and generate CRCI

SRNC
Adjusts SIR target based on CRCI to reach the target BLER (given by CN at RAB assignment request)

TRANSMIT POWER CONTROL CHARACTERS

Main interference mitigation means in UMTS TPC (1500Hz) is able to follow fast fading up to ~50km/h UE speed, after that the fading dips are averaged out In high UE speeds TPC can have even negative impact TPC lowers the required Eb/No, not so much tx-powers directly

Concerns in practise: In SHO, DL powers can drift apart due to the inaccurate reception of uplink PC commands Degraded SHO performance in case drift prevention not working In SHO, DL PC commands cannot be combined in RAKE (because they contain different information). Data bits however can be combined Worse reability for PC commands. * Can be improved by allocating more power to CCHs Building corners in the urban areas Average TPC headroom (4dB) must be assumed to path loss.

UPLINK TPC
Update rate 1.5 kHz => fast enough to track and compensate fast fading up to x km/h mobile speed If received SIR > target SIR in Node B => UE is commanded to decrease its transmit power. Similarly UE is commanded to increase its transmission power if received SIR < target SIR Network planning defines the step size. Usual step size values are between 0.5dB and 2dB. Soft handover: UE can receive contradictory PC commands from different node Bs UE transmission power will be increased if all node Bs ask for it and decreased if at least one node B demands it

DOWNLINK TPC

Similar as UL TPC: UE measures SIR on DL DPCCH during the pilot period UE maintains the QoS by sending fast power control commands (TPC bits) requesting power adjustment Power offsets can be used in DL in order to improve control reliability. Offsets are network parameters that can be set in planning phase

OUTER LOOP POWER CONTROL

Uplink Outer Loop Power Control
SIR target = y dB SIR target = x dB

Downlink Outer Loop Power Control

SIR target = y dB

SRNC

SRNC measures the BLER for the service and creates a new SIR target

Inner loop commands based on SIR measured

Inner loop commands based on SIR measured

SIR target = x dB

UE UE
Uplink BLER for the service is maintained, regardless of UE environment

UE measures the BLER for the service and creates a new SIR target

NODEB
Downlink BLER for the service is maintained, regardless of UE environment

The goal is to control the target SIR in order to remain the wanted QoS with minimum transmit power The target BLER is defined with the admission control algorithm The uplink algorithm is controlled in RNC and downlink algorithm in UE Update frequency from 10 Hz up to 100 Hz Outer loop power control will raise or lower the target SIR according to step size, which is defined by radio network planning. The equipments performance defines the minimum value for target SIR

Implemented in UE to set SIR target on DL traffic channels Quality target: BLER of each transport channel as set by RNC Admission control determines the value of DL BLER. No SIR target change if NodeB power reaches maximum or network congestion occurs.

Outer loop power control sets Signal-to-Interference Ratio (SIRTARGET). This is carried out via RRC Layer 3 measurement reports sent from the UE to the SRNC.

THANK YOU

W W W. H U A W E I . C O M