LED Lighting Driver IC Introduction

Robin Liao January 2011

http://www.richtek.com/LED

Contents
LED Lighting Driver IC Overview AC input to constant current LED driver -- Isolated AC input to constant current LED driver -- Non-isolated DC to CC Solution Applications Selection Guide
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LED Lighting Driver IC Overview

LED Lighting Driver IC Overview

E26/E27/E17, T5/T8 Par30/Par38, Street light

Isolated

AC/CC Non-isolated LED Lighting With ET DC/CC MR16, AR111 GU10, E26/E27/E17 T5/T8, Par30/Par38

Without ET

Street light, car light, desk light, freeze light, projector Emergency light
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AC input to constant current LED driver -- Isolated

AC Input Solution -- Isolated

Application
E27, GU10 . Bulb, Par 30, Par 38 T5, T8 . Light bar, Freeze light Street light, Desk light

Richtek advantage
High-precision constant current control to limit current accuracy in +/5% range on mass production. Small package and high integrated solution with less external components to fit into a small bulb or light bar Very low quiescent current Dimming on secondary side to provide better accuracy
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Secondary side CC/CV controller

AC to CC Isolated secondary side CC/CV controller & dimming
RT8456 RT8457 RT8454
Single channel CC/CV controller

Single channel CC/CV controller with dimming

Multi-channel CC/CV controller with dimming

Easily work with any kind of primary side topology. Provide high precision LED current. LED current accuracy does not vary with the accuracy of transformer. OVP support
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RT8456 Secondary-side constant Current Controller

Secondary side LED current regulation Support LED voltage up to 45V High accuracy LED current threshold control over wide input voltage and temperature range 0.6mA operation current Programmable LED current through 60mV sense resister Programmable OVP Easily connected to different kinds of primary side solutions TSOT 23-6
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RT8457: Dimmable secondary side constant current controller

LED voltage up to 45V Support Triac dimming, PWM dimming, analog dimming High accuracy LED current threshold control over wide input voltage and temperature range Programmable LED current through 60mV sense resister Programmable OVP Easily connected to different kinds of primary side solutions SOP-8
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Dimming Input

RT8454 AC-CC 6-Ch Current Regulators

Vcc up to 50V

Programmable channel current

3% current sense amplifier input offset Easy dimming Programmable soft start and OVP Automatic detecting unconnected AND/OR broken channel to avoid output over voltage

Vcc under voltage lockout and Thermal shutdown

One LDO controller embedded
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RT8454 AC-CC One-Stage Driving Scheme

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Application Tip: RT8454Channel Number Extension

AC Power Lines

AC to DC Primary Side Circuit

Vaux

Opto-Coupler

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Applications: Isolated E26/27, T5/T8, PAR30/38..

1. 2.

Primary side solution example

Flyback: R7912 (MOS inside) R7732(MOS ext.)
Low PF, small output current ripple, good efficiency, good for no-PF requirement condition.

Valley-fill PFC+Flyback
For small power (<10W), PF at 0.7~0.9 range. Small output current ripple, good for small power and PF>0.7 application.

3.

Active PFC+Flyback
High PF (>0.9), lower efficiency, small output current ripple, good for high power design.

4.

PFC single stage

High PF (>0.9), low cost, need big output cap to reduce current ripple. Good for small power, low cost design.

5.

LLC
High efficiency, high cost. Good for high power, high performance design.

6.

Primary side constant current : R7710

Current accuracy is suffered from transformer accuracy. Good for current accuracy <+/-10% application
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Applications: Isolated E26/27, T5/T8, PAR30/38..

Secondary side solution

RT8456, RT8457, RT8454 can work with any kind of primary side topologies and become constant current LED drivers except (6) Maintain current accuracy at +/-5% independent of the variation of transformer Non-dimmable: Primary side + RT8456 Dimmable: (bleeder)+ Primary side + RT8457 Support Triac dimming with external bleeder added Support PWM, analog, wireless dimming on secondary side with accurate current control. Using MCU for Traic dimming can provide the best compatibility of dimmer.

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Valley-fill PFC+R7732+RT8456

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AC input to constant current LED driver -- Non-isolated

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AC-CC non-isolated product roadmap

AC to CC non-isolated
RT8458
High-side buck CC LED driver

RT8459

High-side PFC buck CC LED driver High-side PFC inverting buck-boost CC LED driver

MOS inside

RT8460

RT8469

RT8468
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RT8458 floating buck LED driver for non-isolated application

Unique self-biasing floating buck driver topology True average LED current sense High efficiency (>90% possible) Cheap and simple external components Very wide input voltage range (16V~400V or higher) Stable LED current over wide input voltage range Works with standard series drum choke inductors Support OVP & OCP Small PCB to to fit GU10, E17..

The best way to drive LEDs from AC power input!!

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Three RT8458 applications

1. Typical application
Advantage Very good line regulation. LED current variation between 110V/220V AC input is minor. (<+/-2%) Small input/Output cap Simple external components Good for application do not need PFC. Disadvantage Low PF (About 0.6) Advantage PF at 0.7~0.9 for low power application (<10W) Good for small power, PF>0.7 design Disadvantage Big cap for high power or high PF application. Advantage High PF (>0.95) Good for high power, high PF design Disadvantage Higher cost Lower efficiency

2.

Valley-fill PFC+RT8458

3.

Active PF + RT8458

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RT8458 typical application circuit

OVP option

Vout>31V

EMI improvement

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High-efficiency universal input design

Vin.ac (V) 90 110 130

Pin(W) 10.25 10.22 10.29

V-LED (V) 36.20 36.29 36.19

I-LED (A) 0.257 0.257 0.257

Pout (W) 9.303 9.327 9.300

Eff. (%) 90.76 91.26 90.38

180
220

10.19
10.21

36.02
36.02

0.257
0.257

9.257
9.257

90.85
90.67

260

10.23

36.06

0.257

9.267

90.59

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RT8458 efficiency vs. LEDs

LED current=350mA
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RT8459 High PF, floating buck LED driver for non-isolated application
Unique self-biasing floating buck driver topology True average LED current sense for high PF application Cheap and simple external components Very wide input voltage range (16V~400V or higher) Stable LED current over wide input voltage range with high PF support Works with standard series drum choke inductors Support OVP & OCP Small PCB to to fit GU10, E17..

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RT8459 typical application circuit

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RT8459 test result with universal input

8459 Vout=44V//200mA/15LEDs Vin.ac (V) 90 110 130 180 220 264 Vo (V) 43.33 43.37 43.35 43.31 43.36 43.41 Io (mA) 194 196 195 191 194 196 Pin (W) 9.3 9.26 9.19 9.03 9.23 9.42 Po (W) 8.41 8.50 8.45 8.27 8.41 8.51 PF 0.980 Eff. (%) 90.39 current offset (%) -1.02% 0.00% -0.51% -2.55% -1.02% 0.00%

0.981
0.985 0.972

91.80
91.98 91.61

0.955
0.932

91.14
90.32

** Good line regulation for universal input with high PF support ** NOTED: Higher output current ripple & big output cap. for PFC single stage design
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How to choose the driving topology?

Need PFC?
NO

RT8458 typical application

Small output current ripple?

NO

RT8459 typical application

Valley-fill PFC+RT8458 good for small power, PF in 0.7~0.9

Active PFC + RT8458, good for high power design or PF>0.9

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DC to CC Solution

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Richteks Product -- DC to Constant Current

Converter Controller RT8450B RT8452

RT8453B
RT8482

RT8470
RT8480

RT8471 RT8488

Application
MR16, AR111 Street light, Desk light, Freeze light Car light, Projector lamp Solar lighting, Emergency light

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Richteks Product -- DC to Constant Current

Richtek advantage
Cover wide input/output voltage range and support different kinds of topology include buck, boost, buck-boost, SEPIC Accurate output current over wide temperature range Stable output current vs. input/output voltage change Easy Dimming : Analog, PWM or PWM Converting to Analog with One External Capacitor, Triac dimming Support high-speed PWM dimming up to 50kHz Better reliability with bipolar process Cost competitive

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Selection Guide for DC to CC Products

DC Input to Constant Current
Part Number Vin(V) Max Vout(V) LED current per string (mA) Max Efficie ncy (%) > 95 > 95 > 95 > 95 > 93 LED String Topology

RT8450A RT8450B RT8452 RT8453 RT8480

4.5~40+Zener drop 4.5~40+Zener drop 4.5~36+Zener drop 4.5~40 4.5~40+Zener drop

50 50 48 38 Limited by external MOSFET 48 28 Limited by external MOSFET

UP to 1.5A UP to 1.5A External MOSFET UP to 1.5A External MOSFET

1 1 1 1 1

Buck,Boost,BuckBoost Buck,Boost,BuckBoost Buck,Boost,BuckBoost Buck Boost, SEPIC

RT8482 RT8470 RT8488

4.5~36+Zener drop 7~30 7~36+Zener drop

External MOSFET UP to 1A External MOSFET

> 95 >95 >92

1 1 6

Buck,Boost,BuckBoost Buck Boost

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Applications

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Applications: MR16
Major solutions
RT8470 low cost solution Lowest cost solution About 70% Electronic Transformer (ET) compatibility Different brightness with different ET connected Very popular in China RT8453 high ET compatibility solution Very high ET compatibility Keep same brightness with different ET connected RT8453 dimmable solution Dimmable with minor cost added from the previous solution Same performance as the previous solution without dimmer connected ET limited With selected ET, about 50% dimmer can dim pretty well High ET compatibility with square wave output Support three-step dimming with three-step dimming controller added Use ON/OFF break to switch between three steps

Special applications

RT8453 non electrolytic cap solution

RT8453 three-step dimming
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Application: MR16 (RT8470 BUCK---a typical low cost design)

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MR16RT8470 Buck

CH1: Vin
CH4: Iin

Average LED current will be different with different ET connected

CH1: LED voltage

CH4: LED current
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Application: RT8453 MR16

Excellent electronic transformer compatibility High efficiency, stable output LED current Support Triac dimming with selected ET and Dimmer but no extra cost added No flicker with most of the ET

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Application: RT8453 MR16

CH1: Vin CH4: Iin

Very stable LED current with different ET connected

CH1: LED voltage CH4: LED current

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Applications: Street Light (I)

PFC + AC2DC Primary Side Circuit

AC Power

RT8454 Vbase

.
6 CHs

Opto Vaux MCU Dim FBx6 Gx6 CSx6 Other Control Signals NTC Sense LED Temp.
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6 Current Sources

Applications : Street Light (II)

AC Power DC 12V~48V

RT8488
PFC AC2DC (Either one or both) LiFePO3 Batteries Vaux MCU Gbias Gate

.
6 CHs

Sense

Dim
FBx6 NTC Sense LED Temp. Gx6 6 Current Sources

Solar Cell

Other Control Signals

CSx6

.
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Applications : Street Light (III)

AC Power DC 12V~48V RT8480 PFC AC2DC (Either one or both) LiFePO3 Batteries Vaux Gbias Gate Up to 40xLEDs (160V)

Sense

MCU

Dim
PWMO Dimming Current FB

Solar Cell

Other Control Signals

Thermal Feedback

IFB

NTC Sense LED Temp.

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Application: Thermal protection

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Selection guide

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LED Lighting Selection Guide Sorted by Application

LED Lighting Selection Guide Sorted by Application Application Topology Richtek Solution

Solid-State Lighting AC or DC Input MR16 Buck, Buck-Boost, Boost RT8450B,RT8482,RT8453, RT8470

AR111
GU10, E27,PAR30,PAR38 Office Lamp Decoration Light Street Light, Solar Light Emergency Light T5, T8 Light Bar RGB Light Freeze Light Projector Automotive Application Interior Light Exterior Light Automotive Light

Boost
Flyback, non-isolated Boost, Flyback, non-isolated Boost Buck, Boost, flyback Boost Flyback, non-isolated Buck Buck, Flyback, non-isolated Synchronous Buck

RT8450B,RT8482
RT8458, RT8456, RT8457 RT8450B,RT8482, RT8456, RT8458 RT8450B,RT8482 RT8450B,RT8482,RT8488,RT8454 RT8450B,RT8482 RT8456, RT8457, RT8458 RT8453, RT8470 RT8450B,RT8453, RT8456, RT8470, RT8458 RT8452

Buck, SEPIC, Buck-Boost Buck, SEPIC, Buck-Boost Buck, SEPIC, Buck-Boost

RT8450B,RT8482, RT8488, RT8480 RT8450B,RT8482, RT8488, RT8480 RT8450B,RT8482, RT8488, RT8480

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