Lecturer : Amir Sisbiyanto

Composed by : M. Arifian Rosyadi Nur Baiti Dewi Kartika (01) (02) ( )

Language is a tool to be used for close and critical attention. It deserves careful and intelligent study because, most people could not give any real information about language. The ideas they held and discussed about language come far short of giving a complete picture of the language and sometimes have very little relationship to the fact.

Three major components of language

structure of expression

structure of content

vocabulary

Vocabulary changes from time to time. Words can born and die. Many words has gone or forgotten and many more new words has been found.

The structure of content rather durable than the other structure. It changes only a bit in from its origin concept.

In learning second language, vocabulary is comparatively easy. The harder part is mastering new structure in both content and expression. The most difficult thing of all, however, is that these profound changes will have to become completely automatic. We will have to learn to use them without effort or conscious attention.

 Phonemes

Morphemes

The most basic elements in the expression system. These are the sound features which are common to all speakers of a given speech form and which are exactly reproduced in repetition. A minimum feature of the expression of a spoken language by which one thing that maybe said is distinguish from any other thing which might have been said. Phonemes are part of the system of one specific language. Phonemes are features of spoken language. Written language has its own basic unit, the grapheme. Phonemes is meaningless

The unit on the expression side of language which enters into relationship with the content side It is typically composed of one to several phonemes Morphemes have meaning

The study of content side has developed much less rapidly and to a very less impressive extent than the study of expression. It is because of: Linguists have been late in comprehending the real significant of the two-side nature of language. There has been no way to gain access to the content structure except through the expression structure. The content, apart from its structure, has not been amenable to any unified study.

In contrast, the expression plane starts with much simpler materials which make it easy for the linguist to learn. The sounds producible by human voice can be studied comprehensively by several approaches. the study of content structure must proceed, at present, without equivalent source of order in the totality of its primary data. Because of this, it is relatively poorly developed.