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IIS SETYO BUDI R. DWI KRESHNA SETYA PUTRA SAYUDI BAROKAH FADJAR MULYA INNA YUSNILA KHAIRANI
In 1835, Joseph Gay-Lussac invented a process for recovering the nitrogen in nitrogen monoxide and recycling it to replace the saltpeter (potassium nitrate) as a source of nitrogen
4NO(g) + O2(g) + 2H2O(l) 4HNO2(l) 4HNO2(l) + 2SO2(g) 2H2SO4(aq) + 4NO(g)
Contact process
Raw materials : sulfur, iron pyrite, liquid water, water vapor, H2SO4 Catalyst : V2O5 Production process 1. preparation of SO2 can be done by burning sulfur or heating iron pyrite (FeS2) both with excess oxygen S + O2 SO2 4FeS + 11O2 2 Fe2O3 + 8SO2
2. Purification of SO2 SO2 contains a number of impurities such as dust particles, arsenous oxide, vapors, and sulfur. It should be removed. Theres dust chamber, washing tower, drying tower, Tyndall box ( test box). 3. conversion to SO3 oxidation of SO2 is carried out in contact tower where V2O5 is filled with temperature of 400-450 Celsius degree. SO2 here reacts with air (O2) to produce SO3. under above conditions, 98% SO2 is converted into SO3 2SO2 + O2 2SO3 + 45 Kcal
4. conversion SO3 to H2SO4 SO3 is not directly passed In water because a dense fog of minute particles of H2SO4 is produced. Therefore, it should be dissolved in H2SO4 to form H2S2O7 (Oleum)
SO3 + H2SO4 2H2S2O7 (oleum) oleum is now diluted with water to form H2SO4
Cleaning
Cooling water
Sulfurous Feed
Preheat Or Combustion
SO2 Convertion
Gas Cooling
Acid Condensation
Acid Cooling
Product
Superheating Steam
Atmospheric Air
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wet_sulfuric_acid_process
TABEL PERBANDINGAN
Suhu Konversi SO3 Biaya : : 420-440oC lebih dari 99%
: Harga plant murah karena recovery sulfur tinggi dan laju recovery panas tinggi sehingga kebutuhan cooling water rendah : V2O5
Katalis
WSA in Manufactured
Example 1: Feed-gas flow : 14,000 Nm3/h
Composition [vol %]
Cooling water consumption: 8 m3/ton acid (delta T = 10C) Fuel consumption Example 2: : 1,000 Nm3/h
A sulfur plant in China will be built in connection with an ammonia plant, producing 500 kilotons/annum of ammonia for fertilizer production
Sulphur recovery; (2007). The Process Principles in sulphur recovery by the WSA process.). Denmark: Jens Kristen Laursen, Haldor Topsoe A/S. Reprinted from Hydrocarbonengineering August 2007