Assessment of the Influence of Mutagenic Activity of Almaciga (Agathis philippinensis Warb) resin smoke on Fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster)F1

Generation
Researchers: Bacalangco, Nadine D. Botin, Kathlyn Marie Gizella B. Cantiller, Kristine Abegail L. Robles, Florentino III

Introduction

Fruit flies, also known as Drosophila melanogaster, have been used since 1970s as an ideal model for biological research due to several reasons:
easy to grow relatively inexpensive to breed and maintain in large numbers have a surprising degree of genetic homology to mammals

Introduction
Mutagen Almaciga (Agathis philippinensis Warb.) resin. used as fuel for lamps and torches used as smudge for mosquitoes or traditionally believed to drive away bad spirits in their houses an ingredient of paints, varnishes, and pesticides

Statement of the Problem

1.

2.

Does the smoke from Almaciga (Agathis philippinensis Warb.)resin induce mutations on the F1 generation of fruit flies (D. melanogaster) in terms of their external morphology? What are the induced mutations of the smoke from Almaciga (Agathis philippinensis Warb.)resin on the F1 generation of fruit flies (D. melanogaster) in terms of their external morphology?

Statement of the Problem

3. Is there significant difference in the frequencies of wildtype and of mutants among the F1 generation fruit flies (D. melanogaster) exposed to the different treatments?

Statement of the Hypothesis

1.

2.

The smoke from Almaciga (Agathis philippinensis Warb.)resin does not induce mutations on the F1 generation of fruit flies (D. melanogaster) in terms of their external morphology There is no significant difference in the frequencies of wildtype and mutant among the F1 generation fruit flies (D. melanogaster) exposed to the different treatments.

Methodology

Results and Discussions

Table 1. Summary of all the Mutations among the male D.melanogaster exposed to varying duration of smoke from Almaciga (Agathis philippinensis) resin.
Treatme Replicat nts es Wild type Eye Color W D S SH Number of Males Wings S A E 0 0 0 0 0 0 Mutated Body C Y 0 0 0 0 0 0 S M 0 0 1 0 0 0 B A 1 1 1 1 1 0 N 5 5 5 5 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 Bristle s F Long Legs

1 1 2 1 2 2

1 3 1 1 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

C M W 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1 0

Table 2. Summary of all the Mutations among the male D.melanogaster exposed to varying duration of smoke from Almaciga (Agathis philippinensis) resin.
Treatme Replicat nts es Wild type Eye Wings Color WD S S S A H C M W 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 1 Number of Females Mutated Body C E Y S MA B N Bristle s F Long Legs

0
0

0
0 0 0 0 0

0 0
0 0 2 1 2 1 0 2 0 2

7
7 7 7 2 7

0
0 0 0 0 0

0
0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

2
0 3 1 0

Table 1. Summary of Frequencies of Wildtype and Mutant among the D. melanogaster exposed to Varying Duration of smoke from Almaciga (Agathis philippinensis) resin.

Treatments 1

Mutant 2

Wildtype 7

2
3

6
5

5
0

Table 4. Chi square Contingency Table for Independence

Mutant 2 4.68 -2.68 1.53 6 5.72 0.28 0.01 5 2.60 2.40 2.22 13 13.00 0.00 3.76 Wildtype 7 4.32 2.68 1.66 5 5.28 -0.28 0.01 0 2.40 -2.40 2.40 12 12.00 0.00 4.08 Total 9 9.00 0.00 3.20 11 11.00 0.00 0.03 5 5.00 0.00 4.62 25 25.00 0.00 7.84

Treatment 1

Treatment 2

Treatment 3

Total

Observed Expected O-E (O - E) / E Observed Expected O-E (O - E) / E Observed Expected O-E (O - E) / E Observed Expected O-E (O - E) / E

7.84 chi-square 2 Df .0198 p-value

Based on statistical analysis, the p-value, at =0.05, is 0.0198 which is lesser than the computed value of 5.99. Thus, the null hypothesis is accepted.

Conclusion
The results of the experiment showed that the Almaciga resin induces mutation to the F1 generation of Drosophila melanogaster in three treatments. The observed mutations were:

(1) the color of its bands, wherein the wild type has darker bands than the mutated fruit flies, (2) the number of bands in the abdomen of the flies, wherein one of the offspring developed only two rings of bands in the abdomen, (3) size of its abdomen, wherein the mutants developed a miniature abdomen, and (4) the length of legs wherein one fly developed longer legs compared to the wild type.

There is no significant difference in the frequencies of wildtype and frequencies of mutants among the F1 generation fruit flies treated with varying duration of exposure of smoke from Almaciga (A. philippinensis W.).

Appendices

Appendices