Presented by: Rabbia Khan

A transformer that supplies an instrument with a precise fraction of the quantity being measured, such as voltage or current. For measurement of high A.C. current and voltage we use specially constructed instrument transformers. 1. Potential transformer 2. Current transformer

An instrument transformer that steps down the measured primary voltage to a secondary voltage of usually 120v is called PT. In step down the voltage decreases and current increases, thus voltage can be easily measured by using low range voltmeter. It is a step down transformer having precisely defined turns ratio.

A potential transformer has many primary windings but few number of secondary windings that makes it step down transformer. Voltmeter is connected to secondary winding usually voltmeter of 150 v is suitable. It has a fused primary. A fuse has been connected in series with the PTs primary winding, for safety and ease of disconnecting the PT from the circuit.

 Primary

terminals are connected across the line to which the voltage is to be measured. The voltmeter gives the transformed value of voltage at secondary. The deflection of voltmeter when divided by transformed ratio gives the actual voltage at primary.
Line

voltage = deflection / trasf. Ratio

Where transformation ratio = V2/V1

 PTs

are available in a wide range of shapes, sizes, and ratings for both indoor and outdoor applications.
Primary
2400 V 4200 V 4800 V 7200 V 8400 V 12000 V 14400 V

Secondary
120 V 120 V 120 V 120 V 120 V 120 V 120 V

For safety purpose the secondary should be completely insulated from the high voltage primary and should be in addition grounded. Among the parameters that must be tightly controlled in a PT are; voltage ratio, the insulation level, and the phase-angle error.

They are used for metering and protection in high-voltage circuits.