INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM (integument=covering)

-Includes the skin and accessory structures such as the hair, glands, and nails.
Functions: a.Protection b.Sensation c.Excretion d. Vitamin D production

SKIN
-which is considered the largest organ of the body

LAYERS OF THE SKIN a.Epidermis b.Dermis

Epidermis -outermost layer of the skin

Sublayers:

Dermis
-innermost layer of the skin
Sublayers:

GLANDS
a. Sebaceous glands b. Sweat glands

Sebaceous gland
-secretes sebum/oil which is a mixture of waxes and fats *sebum-lubricates the skin and the hair shaft

Sweat gland
-is found in almost every part of the skin, forming
tiny coiled tubes embedded in the dermis or subcutaneous fat 2 types of sweat glands a. Eccrine sweat gland-most of the body's
sweat production is the result of eccrine gland activity. -They are found everywhere on the skin except on the lips and the glans penis. b. Apocrine sweat gland-produces little sweat but is responsible for the body's natural 'scent'. -They are found particularly in the armpit and the genital area.

HAIR

-Most of the skin is covered in fine hairs called

vellus hairs, which are attached to tiny muscles in the dermis.

Types of hairs
Hairs are elongated keratinized structures. Keratin is a special protein, which is resistant to wear and tear. It is the protein that also makes up the nails.

a. Lanugo-fine fetal hair that appears during the last trimester. b. Angora-a hair that grows continuosly c. Definitive- hair grows to a certain length then stops

NAIL

Constituent Parts of Nail: Nail plate- each nail is composed of a plate of hard keratin (the same substance as is found in hair) which is continuously produced at its root. Nail folds-except for the free edge of the nail, at its furthermost end, the nail is surrounded and overlapped by folds of skin (nail folds) Free edge-the nail separates from the underlying surface at its furthermost point to form a free edge. The extent of this nail at the free edge depends upon personal preference and wear and tear. Root, or matrix-this lies at the base of the nail beneath the nail itself and the nail fold. This part of the nail is closest to the skin, and it is here that the hard keratin of the nail is produced by cell devision. If the root of the nail is destroyed the nail cannot grow back. Lunula-the paler, crescent shaped area located at the base of the nail where the matrix is visible through the nail. Cuticle (eponychium). This covers the proximal (near) end of nail and extends over the nail plate to help protect the matrix from infection by invading microorganisms.

BURNS
Burns of first Taking skin burns as a distinct cause for the skin

sensation of pain, burns can be divided into 3 types:

1- Burns of first degree (sun burns): these affect the epidermis causing swelling and moderate pain. The phenomena of redness, swelling and pain usually disappear within two to three days. 2- Burns of second degree: epidermis and dermis are injured. In such a case, a detachment occurs between epidermis and dermis, causing the collection of secretions between these two layers The injured person suffers from severe pain, and excessive increase of pain sensation, due to irritation of exposed nerve ending particularly after the outburst of blisters. The skin starts to heal within 14 days as a result of the process of renovation and inversion under the skin. 3- Burns of third degree: the whole skin thickness is burned and perhaps the injury may reach the muscles or the bone. The skin loses elasticity and becomes rough and dry. In this case, the injured person do not feel much pain, as nerve endings have been damaged almost completely due to burning