POWER QUALITY

Terms and definitions: Overloading - under voltage - over voltage. Concepts of transients - short duration variations such as interruption - long duration variation such as sustained interruption. Sags and swells - voltage sag - voltage swell - voltage imbalance - voltage fluctuation power frequency variations. International standards of power quality. Computer Business Equipment Manufacturers Associations (CBEMA) curve.

What is power Quality

It is an abnormal behaviour on a power system arising in the form of

voltage and current which adversely affects the normal operation of

electrical and electronic equipment More appropriate definition for a PQ problem Any power problem manifested in voltage, current, or frequency deviations that results in failure or misoperation of customer equipment. Power quality equation: Electrical Disturbance + Path + Vulnerable Equipment = PQ Problem

 The power supply system can control only the voltage quality . It has no control over the currents that particular load might draw. Although the generators may provide a near perfect sine wave voltage , the current passing through the impedance of the system can cause the variety of disturbance to the voltage Results in short circuit causes the voltage to sag, lightning strokes, flash over insulation, distorted currents from harmonic producing loads

Four major reasons for the in increased concern in power quality

Power electronic converters, new generation load equipment High efficiency Adjustable load drives(ASDs) and shunt capacitors for power factor correction to reduce losses Awareness of power quality issues- interruptions, sags, switching transients Interconnected network-failure of any components

Causes of poor power quality

Affect the accuracy of utility metering Protective relays to malfunction Results in downtime or damage and loss of production Increased costs due to preceding effects Result in electromagnetic noise

Current Distribution Systems

IFETCE/EEE/M.SUJITH/IV YEAR/VIII SEM/EE 2355/PQ/PPT/VER 1.0

Future Distribution Systems

IFETCE/EEE/M.SUJITH/IV YEAR/VIII SEM/EE 2355/PQ/PPT/VER 1.0

QUALITY OF SUPPLY?
Refers to: Supply reliability + Voltage Quality

Supply Reliability: relates to the availability of power at given point of system (continuity). Voltage Quality: relates to the purity of the characteristics of the voltage waveform including the absolute voltage level and frequency.
QoS= Uninterrupted supply of power with sinusoidal voltage and current waveform at acceptable frequency and voltage magnitude
Quality of Service = Quality of Supply + Customer relations