Date:

Expt. No: 05

Name of the Experiment: No Load and load characteristics of DC motors.

Aim of the experiment:

The object of this experiment is to examine the load characteristics of DC motors when the field windings are
connected:
1. Shunt
2. Series
3. Compound

Equipment and components:

1. DC shunt/series machine
2. DC dynamometer machine
3. Voltmeters,
4. Ammeters
5. Resistors

Theory:
An Electric motor is a machine which converts electric energy into mechanical energy. Its action is based on the
principle that when a current-carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field, it experiences a mechanical force
whose direction is given by Fleming’s Left-hand Rule and whose magnitude is given by F= B l V Newton..
Constructionally, there is no basic difference between a d.c. generator and a d.c. motor. In fact, the same d.c. machine
can be used interchangeably as a generator or as a motor. D.C. motors are also like generators, shunt-wound or
series-wound or compound-wound.

Motor Characteristic:

Series/Shunt /Compound Motor:

1. Connect the circuit as shown in Fig. 1.

2. Keep the field Rheostat control knob at it minimum position for minimum resistance.
3. Turn on the power supply.
4. Gradually increase the voltage up to motor rated voltage.
5. Measure and record the motor speed, field current and torque.
6. Take several sets of data by varying the field rheostat.
7. Fill up the table:1 and Plot the characteristic for each motor type the following curves:
• Torque/Speed (Te/n)
• Torque/Armature current (Te/Ia) Dynamometer
• Speed/Armature current (n/Ia)\
Dyn
The circuit diagram is as follows:

Series field

Armature A
Figure:1(a) Series motor

0-220 V DC
 Dyn Dynamometer Dynamometer

Dyn

Armature
A
A Armature
Shunt field

Shunt field

0-200 V DC
0-220 V DC
Figure: 1(c) Shunt motor
Figure: 1(b) Shunt motor

Table:1

Series Motor Shunt Motor Compound Motor

Te (Nm) Ia (A) n (rpm) Te (Nm) Ia (A) n (rpm) Te (Nm) Ia (A) n (rpm)

Graph:

(a) Torque/Speed (Te/n) (b) Torque/Armature current (Te/Ia) (c) Speed/Armature current (n/Ia)\

Load Characteristic:

Series/Shunt /Compound Motor:

 1. Connect the circuit as shown in Fig. 2.
2. Keep the field Rheostat control knob at it minimum position for minimum resistance.
3. Turn on the power supply.
4. Gradually increase the voltage up to motor rated voltage.
5. Measure and record the motor current and voltage.
6. Take several sets of data by varying the field rheostat.
7. Fill up the table:2 and Plot the load characteristic for each motor type.

Dynamometer
Dyn
The circuit diagram is as follows:

Dynamometer
Dyn

Series field

Armature Shunt field

A A

V V

0-220 V

Figure:2(a) Series motor Figure:2(b) Shunt motor

Dynamometer
Dyn

Series field

A
Shunt field

Figure:2(c) Compound motor

Table:2

Series Motor Shunt Motor Compound Motor

V(Volt) Ia (A) V(Volt) Ia (A) V(Volt) Ia (A)
Graph:

(a) Series motor (V/Ia) (b) Shunt motor (V/Ia) (c) ) Compound motor (V/Ia)

Discussions: