Date:

Expt. No: 04

Name of the Experiment: Load characteristics (Vt-IL) of of a dc generator.

Aim of the experiment:

The object of this experiment is to: measure the following characteristics of DC generators.
1. The load characteristics (Vt-IL) of :
2. Separately excited DC generators.
3. Shunt generators.
4. Compound generators.
Equipment and components:

1. Ssquirrel cage induction motor

2. DC machine
3. Tachometer
4. Power pack
5. Shunt rheostat
6. Load resistor
7. DC Voltmeter 300V
8. DC Ammeter 12A
9. DC Ammeter 1A

Theory: An electrical generator is a machine which converts mechanical energy (or power) into electrical energy (or
power). The energy conversion is based on the principle of the production of dynamically (or motionally) induced
e.m.f. whenever a conductor cuts magnetic flux, dynamically induced e.m.f. is produced in it according to Faraday’s
Laws of Electromagnetic Induction. This e.m.f. causes a current to flow if the con- ductor circuit is closed
Hence, two basic essential parts of an electrical generator are (i) a magnetic field (ii) a conductor or conductors which
can so move as to cut the flux.
Generator are usually classified according to the way in which their fields are excited. Classifications are as follows
Load Characteristics (Vt-IL):

Separately Excited Generator:

1. Connect the DC generator with squirrel cage induction motor as shown in Fig. 1
2. Adjust the speed of the squirrel cage induction motor to 1400 rev/min and maintain it constant during the
entire experiment.
3. Adjust RL to maximum resistance (minimum current).
4. Turn Dc supply on and vary RL such that IL varies in steps of 1A up to the rated current. Record the
corresponding reading Vt and fill the results in Table 1.
5. Stop the machines and turn off all switches and supplies.
6. Draw on the graph with a common Il axis the load characteristics for increasing and decreasing Vt

Load, RL

3-φ squirrel cage induction motor A

V

3-φ ac

supply
shunt field field rehostat

Figure 1. Circuit Diagram

Table 1: Separately Excited Dc generator. Graph:

Serial Il (A) Vt (V)

No.
1

Question 3
Explain why does Vt decrease with increasing IL with separate excitation.
Question 4
Explain why does Vt decrease more with shunt excitation than with separate excitation.
Shunt generator:

1. Connect the DC generator with squirrel cage induction motor as shown in Fig.2
2. Repeat steps (2-5) of Separately Excited Generator.
3. Fill the results in Table 2.
4. Draw on the graph with a common Il axis the load characteristics for increasing and decreasing Vt

3-φ squirrel cage induction motor DC generator

Armature

3-φ ac
supply
shunt field field rehostat

Figure 2. Circuit Diagram V

AA

load

Table 2: Shunt DC generator. Graph:

Serial Il (A) Vt (V)

No.
1

Compund generator:

1. Connect the DC generator with squirrel cage induction motor as shown in Fig. 3
2. Repeat steps (2-5) of Separately Excited Generator.
3. Fill the results in Table 3.
4. Draw on the graph with a common Il axis the load characteristics for increasing and decreasing Vt
 3-φ squirrel cage induction motor DC generator

Armature
3-φ ac
supply

short shunt

A
V

load
Figure 4. Circuit Diagram
Table 3: Compound DC generator. Graph:

Serial Il (A) Vt (V)

No.
1

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