Date:

Expt. No: 12

Name of the Experiment: Measurement of circuit parameters of single phase induction motor and determination of
efficiency.

Aim of the experiment:

The object of this experiment is to determine the:

1. circuit parameters and
2. efficiency
of single phase induction motor.

Equipment and components:

1. Power supply unit

2. 1-φ induction motor
3. AC Voltmeter
4. AC Ammeter
5. Wattmeter
6. Variac

Theory:

As in a polyphase induction motor, the equivalent circuit parameters of a single phase induction motor can be
measured from No load and Blocked rotor test and from stator winding resistance test.
Blocked rotor test: The single phase voltage, applied to the stator main winding, is increased gradually from zero so
that rated currents flows in the main winding. Under these conditions voltmeter, ammeter and wattmeter reading
respectively denoted by VSC , ISC and WSC are recorded. The dc resistance of main stator winding is measured. This
dc resistance should be multiplied by a factor 1.4 so as to obtained effective ac resistance r1 at line frequency with
rotor stationary, the slip s=1, and the voltage required to circulate full load current is very low. Therefore, the flux is
small and the magnetizing current flowing through Xm is very low. In view of this magnetizing retance can be
neglected. From the test data, the equivalent impedance referred to stator is

V SC
ZSC =
I Sc
The equivalent resistance RSC is given by
r2 W SC
RSC =r1+ ×2= 2
2 I SC
Since the resistance of main stator winding R1 is already measured effective stator resistance r2 at line frequency is

W SC
R2= RSC- r1 = - r1
I 2SC
From equivalent circuit for blocked rotor test,
1
XSC =x1 + x2 × 2= x1 + x2
2
Since the leakage reactance x1 and x2 can’t be separated out, it is a common practice to assume
So, x1 = x2
1
x1 = x2= XSC
2
 1 1 2 2
or, x1 = x2= XSC = √( Z SC −RSC )
2 2
In blocked rotor test, note that only main winding is excited, auxiliary winding is left open.

No load test: The single phase induction motor, under no load condition is run at rated voltage and frequency. With
the motor running at no load, the slip is very close to zero. It may therefore assumed that s=0. Under this condition,
r2 r2 r2 xm r2
become infinity and = becomes several times smaller than in view of this approximation
2s 2(2−s) 4 2 2s
x2 xm r 2 x2
+j and (across +j ) may be neglected.
2 2 4 2
Under no load test let the voltmeter, ammeter and wattmeter reading be V1, Inl and Wnl respectively.
Then no load power factor is
wnl
Cosθnl =
V nl I nl
Vl
No load equivalent impedance is Znl =
I nl
Xnl = Znl√(1-cos2θnl)
= Znl sin θnl

Again, Znl = Rnl +j Xnl

r2 1
=( r1+ ) + j[x1 + ( x 2 + X m ) ] r1
4 2

1
So, x1 + ( x + X ) =Xnl
2 2 m
Since x1 and x2 are already known from the blocked rotor test, magnetizing reactance Xm can be calculated
from the above equation.

Circuit diagram:

r1 x1
2 2
r1 x2 r1 x2

Xm r2 r2 Xm
2 2s 2 2

x2 x2
2(2−s) 2

r2 r2
2(2−s) 2
r2
4
 Xm x2 x2
2 2 2
x2
2

r1 x1
Fig 2: For blocked Fig 3: For No load test
2 2
Rotor test

Fig 1: Equivalent circuit

W A
of 1-φ induction motor V
A
R V
I
A
C

Fig 4: circuit diagram for 1- φ induction motor

Table 1:

Test V(Volt) I(A) P(W) Pin Pout Ƞ= Pout/ Pin

No load test

Blocked rotor
test

Calculations:

From blocked rotor test:

V SC
ZSC =
I Sc
r2 P SC
RSC =r1+ ×2= 2
2 I SC

1 2 2
XSC =x1 + x2 × 2= x1 + x2 = √( Z SC −RSC )
2
1
x1 = x2= XSC
2
r1dc= so, r1=

r2=RSC- r1
From No load test:

Pnl
Cosθnl =
V nl I nl
sin θnl= √(1-cos2θnl)

Xnl = Znl sin θnl

1
Xnl = x1 + (x +X )
2 2 m

Or X m=¿

Power:

r2
Now the rated core and friction & windage losses = Wnl – Inl2 (r1+ )
4
Rated Cu loss and core, friction & windage losses =

Rated pf=0.90

Rated input=

P out P ¿−Plosses
Ƞ= ×100 % = ×100 %
P¿ P¿
Discussions: