Date:

Expt. No: 03

Name of the Experiment: No-load characteristics (Ea-Im) of a dc generator.

Aim of the experiment:

The object of this experiment is to: measure the following characteristics of DC generators.
1. No-load characteristics (Ea-Im):of
3. Separately excited DC generators.
4. Shunt generators.
5. Compound generators.

Equipment and components:

1. Squirrel cage induction motor

2. DC machine
3. Tachometer
4. Power pack
5. Shunt rheostat
6. Load resistor
7. DC Voltmeter 300V
8. DC Ammeter 12A
9. DC Ammeter 1A

Theory: An electrical generator is a machine which converts mechanical energy (or power) into electrical energy (or
power). The energy conversion is based on the principle of the production of dynamically (or motionally) induced
e.m.f. whenever a conductor cuts magnetic flux, dynamically induced e.m.f. is produced in it according to Faraday’s
Laws of Electromagnetic Induction. This e.m.f. causes a current to flow if the conductor circuit is closed
Hence, two basic essential parts of an electrical generator are (i) a magnetic field (ii) a conductor or conductors which
can so move as to cut the flux.
Generator are usually classified according to the way in which their fields are excited. Classifications are as follows
No-Load Characteristics:

Separately Excited:

1. Connect the circuit as shown in Fig. 1

Couple the squirrel cage induction motor with DC motor

The circuit diagram is shown in Fig. 1.

3-φ squirrel cage induction motor DC generator

Armature

3-φ ac
A
supply
shunt field field rehostat

Figure 1. Circuit Diagram

2. Keep the field rheostat control knob at it maximum position for maximum resistance.
3. Set the variable DC voltage to zero and turn on its switch.
4. Record the DC voltmeter and Ammeter data
5. Gradually rotted the field rheostat control knob that the value of resistance decreases.
6. Measure and record the data by varying field rheostat control knob.
7. Vary Im in steps from zero to maximum value at constant speed 1400 rev/min. Fill the results in Table 1.
8. Draw on the graph with a common Im axis the no-load characteristics for increasing and decreasing
Im at 1400 rev/min.

Table 1: Separately Excited Dc generator. Graph:

Serial Im (A) Ea (V)

No.
1

7
Shunt Generator:

1. Connect the circuit as shown in Fig. 2

Couple the squirrel cage induction motor with DC motor.
2. Repeat the steps (2-7) of Separately Excited Dc generator.
3. Fill the results in Table 2.
4. Draw on the graph with a common Im axis the no-load characteristics for increasing and decreasing
Im at 1400 rev/min.

3-φ squirrel cage induction motor DC generator

Armature

3-φ ac
supply
shunt field field rehostat
AA

Figure 2. Circuit Diagram

Table 2 Shunt Dc generator. Graph:

Serial Im (A) Ea (V)

No.
1

Compound Generator:

1. Connect the circuit as shown in Fig. 3

Couple the squirrel cage induction motor with DC motor.
2. Repeat the steps (2-7) of Separately Excited Dc generator.
3. Fill the results in Table 3.
4. Draw on the graph with a common Im axis the no-load characteristics for increasing and decreasing
Im at 1400 rev/min.
 3-φ squirrel cage induction motor DC generator

Armature
3-φ ac
supply A

short shunt

Figure 3. Circuit Diagram

Table 3: Compound Dc generator. Graph:

Serial Im (A) Ea (V)

No.
1

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