BY H.S.

VARA PRASAD

Introduction Basic radars. Types of Radar. Search Radar Moving Target Indication Scan with search radar

Search Radar equation Conclusion

 MONO STATIC RADAR BI-STATIC RADAR CW- RADAR FM-CW RADAR PULSED RADAR (search radar)

R=CTR 2

Search radars scan a large area with pulses of short radio waves

Targeting radars use the same principle but scan a smaller area more often Navigational radars are like search radar, but use short waves that reflect off hard surfaces. They are used on commercial ships and long-distance commercial aircraft

 only detecting target

both

detecting and tracking.

Operated only in search or acquisition mode.

it will have knowledge of other potential target. An antenna with narrow pencil beam is sufficient for finding the target

Operated in both search

and tracking mode. in tracking mode , it has no idea of other potential targets
An antenna with narrow pencil beam is not sufficient for detecting and ranging. therefore separate radar is used for searching

-Pulse radar that utilizes doppler frequency shift as a means of discriminating moving from a fixed targets is called MTI -Blind speeds ( ambiguous Doppler measurement ) -2nd time around echoes (unambiguous range measurement) depends on p.r.f

The blind speed is a radial speed of the airplane at which the phase shifting of the echo-signal has the value n 360 between two pulse periods. With blind speeds moving targets are suppressed by a MTI system like ground clutters.

Blind Phases:
It is due to the presence of sampling pulses at the point in the Doppler cycle at each sampling instant

Block Diagram of MTI

Block Diagram of MTI with power amplifier

Block Diagram of MTI with power amplifier

Search radars are systems devoted to the systematic exploration of a large volume of space for typical air search radars, this is performed over 360 in azimuth and over elevation angles ranging from 20-30 up to almost 90, processing the echoes over the whole PRI, i.e. over the whole observable range a search radar has large beam in elevation and has a stacked beams in azimuth the beam steered both in elevation and azimuth in search radar. The search volume indicated solid angle

MODE: 1.Circular scan 2.Sector scan 3.Tracking scan 4.Dopplerscan Gain Sweep frequency

1 to 2
.

AZ EL steradians

and the elevation extent goes from

=az al

90 100

2
180

=azimuthal extent from 1 to 2

1
Search Sector

The power Pr returning to the receiving antenna is given by the equation:

Where Pt = transmitter power Gt = gain of the transmitting antenna Ar = effective aperture (area) of the receiving antenna = radar cross section, or scattering coefficient, of the target F = pattern propagation factor R = distance from the transmitter to the target

There are several search radar like surveillance search radar ,navigation search radar are extending their services to both military and civilian applications