CHAPTER 1 THE WORLD THROUGH OUR SENSES

1.5 : SENSE OF HEARING

SENSE OF HEARING
Detects the sound produced by vibrating objects. Sensory organ of hearing: ear The ear: Has 3 parts: the outer ear The middle ear The inner ear

Structure and Function of The Ear

Inner ear

Outer ear

Middle ear

Structure and Function of The Ear

Collects and directs sounds into the ear canal

Pinna Ear canal

Directs the sounds to the eardrum

Eardrum
Vibrates and transfers sound waves to the ossicles

Outer ear

Structure and Function of The Ear

Amplify vibrations of the sound waves and transfer them to the oval window

Ossicles

Oval window
Transfer sound vibration from the ossicles to the cochlea

Eustachian tube
Balances the air pressure on both sides of the eardrum

Middle ear

Structure and Function of The Ear

Inner ear
Controls the balance of the body

Semicircular canal

Cochlea

Auditory nerve
Sends impulses from the cochlea to the brain

Converts sound vibrations into nerve impulses

How do we ear?

Ear pinna
Receives and collect sound waves

Ear canal
Directs the sound waves to

Eardrum
Vibrates

Ossicles
Amplify the sound vibrations

Brain
Nerve impulses are carried to the brain to be interpreted

Auditory nerves

Cochlea

Oval window
The liquid vibrated and stimulate the receptor in

Receptor produces nerve impulses

Question!
1. What is the sensory organ for hearing? 2. What is the structure of the ear that vibrates when it is hit by sound waves? 3. Name the structure of the ear that amplify sound vibrations .

4. Name the structure of the ear that detects vibration and changes it into nerve impulses.
5. State 2 structures of ears that do not play any part in hearing.

CHAPTER 1 THE WORLD THROUGH OUR SENSES

1.6 : SENSE OF SIGHT

The sense of sight

Detects light stimulus Organ of sight : eye

Structure of the human eye: has 3 layers of tissues: The sclera (outermost) The choroid (middle) The retina (innermost)
has eyelid protects the front of the eye.

The eyeball is held in the eye sockets of the skull by muscles.

Cross-section of human eye

4 7
11

10

2 5
12

13 15 14

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

Conjunctiva Cornea Aqueous humour Cilliary body Iris Pupil Suspensory ligaments Eye lens Sclera Choroid Retina Yellow spot Optic nerve Blind spot Vitreous humour

How do we see?
1
Light rays travel from the object to the eye.

As the light rays pass through the eye, they are refracted by the cornea, aqueous humour, lens and the vitreous humour

3
An upside down image is formed on the retina.

The brain interprets the impulses and allows us to see the object.

The photoreceptors on the retina send nerve impulses along the optic nerve to the brain.

How do we see?
Human eyes have the ability: To focus on objects at different distances by changing the thickness of the lens. To look at an object in different light intensity by changing the size of the pupil. When looking at distance objects: The ciliary body relaxes The eye lens becomes thinner When looking at near objects The ciliary body contracts The eye lens becomes thicker

How do we see?
When we look at an object in bright day: The size of the pupil decreases Less light can enter the eyes When we look at an object in dim area: The size of pupil increases More light can enter the eyes