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    Suneet Srivastava
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    Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) allows multiple optical carrier signals to be combined and transmitted through the same optical fiber by using different wavelengths. It increases bandwidth and network capacity by transmitting multiple signals simultaneously through the same fiber. WDM works on the principle that each signal is transmitted using a narrow band of wavelengths, and multiple signals can occupy the same fiber as long as their wavelength bands do not overlap. Key components of a WDM system include optical transmitters, receivers, multiplexers, demultiplexers and amplifiers. WDM faces transmission challenges like attenuation and dispersion that are addressed through technological advances.

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    wavelength division multiplexing

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    Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) allows multiple optical carrier signals to be combined and transmitted through the same optical fiber by using different wavelengths. It increases bandwidth and network capacity by transmitting multiple signals simultaneously through the same fiber. WDM works on the principle that each signal is transmitted using a narrow band of wavelengths, and multiple signals can occupy the same fiber as long as their wavelength bands do not overlap. Key components of a WDM system include optical transmitters, receivers, multiplexers, demultiplexers and amplifiers. WDM faces transmission challenges like attenuation and dispersion that are addressed through technological advances.

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    107 views30 pages

    WDM

    Uploaded by

    Suneet Srivastava
    Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) allows multiple optical carrier signals to be combined and transmitted through the same optical fiber by using different wavelengths. It increases bandwidth and network capacity by transmitting multiple signals simultaneously through the same fiber. WDM works on the principle that each signal is transmitted using a narrow band of wavelengths, and multiple signals can occupy the same fiber as long as their wavelength bands do not overlap. Key components of a WDM system include optical transmitters, receivers, multiplexers, demultiplexers and amplifiers. WDM faces transmission challenges like attenuation and dispersion that are addressed through technological advances.

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    of 30

    BY- FG OFFR SUNEET SRIVASTAVA

    CONTENT
    History of Fiber Optic Transmission

    Types of Multiplexing
    Principle of WDM WDM Technology

    WDM Components
    Transmission Challenges Future Scope

    Application
    Conclusion

    EVOLUTION OF FIBER OPTIC TRANSMISSION


    In mid 1960s researchers proposed optical fiber as suitable transmission medium.

    In 1970 , Corning produced the first communication grade fibers. AT& T first standardized transmission at DS3 speed(45Mbps) for multimode fibers.

    Thereafter, single mode fibers were shown to be capable of transmission rates 10 times that of older type. These regions called windows, lie between area of high absorption.

    WINDOWS
    O - band Wavelength (nm) 1280 1320 1360 E - band 1400 1440 S - band 1480 C - band 1520 1552 1560 L - band
    DWDM Window

    1600

    CWDM Window

    C Band Range : 1530nm 1560nm L Band Range : 1570nm 1600nm

    Fiber Characteristics

    Water Peak

    1310 Window

    1550 Window

    WHAT ACTUALLY IS MULTIPLEXING ?

    MULTIPLEXING (also known as muxing) is a method by which multiple analog message signals or digital data streams are combined into one signal over a shared medium.
    a device that performs the multiplexing is called a multiplexer (mux), and a device that performs the reverse process is called a demultiplexer (demux).

    TYPES OF MULTIPLEXING
    Time Division Multiplexing
    Frequency Division multiplexing Code Division Multiplexing Wavelength Division multiplexing

    PROBLEM: DEMAND FOR MASSIVE INCREASES IN CAPACITY

    IMMEDIATE SOLUTION: WAVELENGTH DIVISION MULTIPLEXING

    LONGER TERM SOLUTION: OPTICAL FIBRE NETWORKS

    PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS

    LIGHTWAVE SYSTEM

    PRINCIPLE OF WDM

    Colors are transmitted through air and may mix These colors can be easily separated by prism

    PRINCIPLE

    ADVANTAGES OF WDM
    Unlimited Transmission Capacity Transparency Scalability Dynamic Provisioning

    IS WDM FLEXIBLE?
    GE WDM Fiber MUX

    Independent opticial bit rates and formats

    SONET

    Fiber Channel ATM


    Fiber Cable

    IS WDM EXPANDABLE?
    Incremental capacity expansion to 80 Gbits/s and beyond Allows reuse of the installed equipment base

    TYPES OF WDM

    WDM SYSTEM

    Block Diagram of DWDM System

    WDM COMPONENTS
    lens Fiber optic

    lens

    prism
    l1...n l1 l3 l2

    prism
    l1 l2 l3

    l1...n

    Light source

    Photo detector

    LIGHT SOURCES
    LED (light emitting diode)
    LASER (Light Amplification by Stimulated

    Emission of Radiation)

    WDM COMPONENTS
    l1 850/1310 15xx l2 l3 l1...n

    Transponder Optical Multiplexer

    l1 l2 l3 l1...n

    l1 l2 l3

    Optical De-multiplexer Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer (OADM)


    19

    WDM SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS


    Component reliability System availability System margin. System wavelength and bit rate can be upgraded

    TRANSMISSION CHALLENGES
    Attenuation Attenuation is caused by : - intrinsic factors primarily scattering and absorption - extrinsic factors, including stress from the manufacturing process, the environment, and physical bending Rayleigh scattering - is an issue at shorter wavelengths

    RAYLEIGH SCATTERING

    Attenuation due to absorption


    - is an issue at longer wavelengths - the intrinsic properties of the material

    - impurities in the glass, and any atomic defects in the glass.

    Absorption

    DISPERSION
    Spreading of light pulses

    Two general types of dispersion


    Chromatic Dispersion - is linear Polarization Mode Dispersion - is nonlinear.

    FUTURE OF WDM
    What the future holds

    Two-way video communication Digital video for our everyday use

    The Ultimate Squeeze - reducing the space between wavelengths - expanding the range of transmission wavelengths - better EDFAs

    Develop better equipment Cheap WDM pipelines

    APPLICATIONS OF WDM
    Long-distance telecommunications Building or expanding networks

    Network wholesalers can lease capacity


    Utilize the existing thin fiber DWDM improves signal transmission

    COCLUSION
    New technology for utilization of bandwidth
    Ultra high speed data rate

    THANK YOU

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