SCSI Technology

Black Box Corp.

Dave Mueller International Tech Support
December 2000

History of SCSI
IBM-360 Selector Channel SASI
1979 Shugart Assoc. Systems Interface
Scaled down version of the IBM Interface

1981Submitted to ANSI X3T9.2 committee

SCSI
X3.131-1986 Approved in 1986
BB Brasil Training December 2000 2

SCSI Generations
SCSI 1 and SCSI 2
Each version was a complete specification Narrow bus, slow speeds

SCSI (formerly SCSI 3)

SPI SCSI Parallel Interface
A collection of standards Wide bus on single connector, higher speeds Makes older standards (SCSI 1, 2) and features (HVD) obsolete

SBP Serial Bus Protocol (IEEE1394) FCP Fibre Channel Protocol (Fibre Channel) SSA Serial Storage Architecture (IBM)

BB Brasil Training December 2000

SPI
SPI (SCSI-3)
10MBps (narrow) or 20MBps (wide) Ultra (Fast-20) is a half standard
Includes SPI but up to 20/40MBps (narrow/wide)

SPI-2 (Ultra2)
LVD, SCA-80, VHDCI 20/40MBps

SPI-3 (Ultra3)
Makes HVD and dual-cable wide bus (SCSI2) obsolete WIDE only 160MBytes/sec Many technical refinements (timing, command structure)

BB Brasil Training December 2000

Single Ended vs. Differential

Single Ended
Low cost Short cable length
1.5m @ 20 MBps, 3m @ 10 MBps, 6m @ 5 MBps

Most Common Internal cables are flat ribbon

Differential
Expensive Long cable lengths
HVD 25m at all speeds, LVD 12m at all speeds

Usually only on high end products (RAID array) Internal cables must be flat twisted pair ribbon
BB Brasil Training December 2000 5

LVD vs. HVD

HVD
Originally in SCSI 1 (differential) Defined in SCSI 2 as HVD Made obsolete in SPI-3 25 Meters

LVD
Defined in SPI-2 12 meters Backwards compatible with old SINGLE ENDED devices
Bus can only function in one mode, LVD (12m) or Single Ended (1.5/3/6m) LVD Host adapter to legacy SCSI devices If any device is legacy SCSI SE, then all LVD devices function as SE only

BB Brasil Training December 2000

STA Terms
STA Terms N O T E 2 2 Bus Speed Mbytes/Sec Bus Width Bits Max Bus Length Meters (1) Single Ended 5 10 8 8 6 3 LVD (3) (3) HVD 25 25 8 8 Maximum Devices SCSI-1 Fast SCSI Fast Wide SCSI Ultra SCSI Ultra SCSI Wide Ultra SCSI Wide Ultra SCSI Wide Ultra SCSI Ultra2 SCSI Wide Ultra2 SCSI Ultra3 SCSI 6 2

20 2
2

16 8
8 16 16 16 8 16 16

3 1.5
3 1.5 3 (4) (4) (4)

(3) (3)
(3) 12 12 12

25 25
25 25 25 (5)

16 8
8 16 8 4 8 16 16

20
20 40 40 40 40 80 160

BB Brasil Training December 2000

Notes
(1) The listed maximum bus lengths may be exceeded in Point-to-Point and engineered applications. (2) Use of the word "Narrow", preceding SCSI, Ultra SCSI, or Ultra2 SCSI is optional. (3) LVD was not defined in the original SCSI standards for this speed. If all devices on the bus support LVD, then 12-meters operation is possible at this speed. However, if any device on the bus is singled-ended only, then the entire bus switches to single-ended mode and the distances in the single-ended column apply. (4) Single-ended is not defined for speeds beyond Ultra. (5) HVD (Differential) is not defined for speeds beyond Ultra2.

(6) After Ultra2 all new speeds are wide only.

Chart and notes copied from SCSI Trade Association

BB Brasil Training December 2000

SCSI 1
5 MBytes/Second, 8 Bits wide Electrical
Single Ended
Logic 1 = 0.0 to 0.5 VDC Logic 0 = 2.5 to 5.25 VDC

Differential (HVD - High Voltage Differential)

Logic 1 = +Signal > -Signal Logic 0 = -Signal < +Signal
BB Brasil Training December 2000 9

SCSI 1 Connectors
A Cable
Alternative 1
Unshielded 50 Pin, latches optional
Internal Ribbon, AMP-LATCH

Shielded 50 Pin (AMPMODU)

Alternative 2
Shielded 50 Pin (External Telco, 50 pin Centronics, CHAMP)

BB Brasil Training December 2000

10

SCSI 2
X3.131-1994 Defines 8, 16 and 32 bit bus Defines Fast SCSI for 10, 20 and 40 Mbytes/second Adds the high density (.050 inch) 50 and 68 pin connectors

BB Brasil Training December 2000

11

SCSI 2 Connectors
A Cable
Alternate 1
Unshielded HD 50 pin, no hardware Shielded HD 50 pin with latches

Alternate 2
Unshielded LD, no hardware (50 pin ribbon) Shielded LD with latches (50 Pin Centronics)

BB Brasil Training December 2000

12

SCSI 2 Connectors
B Cable
Carries only high bytes
A cable required for low bytes & termpwr

Unshielded HD 68 pin, no hardware Shielded HD 68 pin, latches

BB Brasil Training December 2000

13

SCSI 3
X3T10 Committee A collection of substandards SCSI Parallel Interface (SPI)
Extension of SCSI 2

Serial
Fibre Channel Serial Bus Protocol 2 (IEEE1394-1995) IBM SSA (Serial Storage Architecture)
BB Brasil Training December 2000 14

SCSI 3
Ultra2 and Wide Ultra2
40M and 80MByte/sec

Ultra3
160MByte/sec

BB Brasil Training December 2000

15

SCSI 3 Connectors
P Cable
Unshielded HD 68 pin, no hardware Shielded HD 68 pin, 2-56 screws Carries control and 16 bits of data

Q Cable
Same connectors as the P Cable Used for high bytes in 32 bit systems
P cable required for low bytes & termpwr
BB Brasil Training December 2000 16

Interconnections
Narrow to Wide
Terminate high bytes

Do NOT mix single ended and differential Do NOT mix HVD and LVD Customer must know their application See warning in AMP SCSI Guide
BB Brasil Training December 2000 17

SCSI Connectors
SCSI 1 Internal: 50 Pin IDC Ribbon External: Centronics SCSI 2 Includes SCSI 1 Adds MD50 for external (MD for Micro D) SCSI 3 Includes SCSI 1 and 2 Adds MD68 for external (screw locks) and internal (no locks) SPI-2 Adds VHDCI (Very High Density 68 pin) for external
BB Brasil Training December 2000 18

Black Box Products

Cables and Terminators
Dead-end and pass through High Line Active, passive, forced perfect
Differential ALWAYS passive, LVD is intelligent terminator

Adapters
Does customer need adapter or High Line Terminator?

Converters
SE to HVD, SE or HVD to Fiber Optic

Repeaters Switches Host Adapters

IC510C is ISA, all others are PCI
BB Brasil Training December 2000 19

Host Adapters
Max Speed Mbytes/S
IC510C IC511C 10 10 SCSI Fast Fast SE/Diff SE SE Bus Width 8 8 Ext Conn Int Conn IDC50 IDC50

DB25 (Mac)
MD50

IC512C
IC513C IC514C IC515C

20
40 40 80

Ultra
Wide Ultra Wide Ultra Ultra2

SE
SE SE LVD

8
16 16 16

MD50
1xMD68 MD68 MD68

IDC50 2xIDC50 2xMD68

IDC50 MD68 MD68

BB Brasil Training December 2000

20

Web Sites
T10 Committee Website www.t10.org SCSI Trade Association www.scsita.org www.adaptec.com www.amp.com www.ancot.com www.apcon.com www.fibrechannel.com www.paralan.com www.timberconn.com www.scsimasters.com

BB Brasil Training December 2000

21