EJB Fundamentals

Swapnil Shrivastava

Contents

Introduction Technology Overview EJB Architecture EJB Specification Sample Application

EJB Fundamentals

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Suns Definition

EJB architecture is a component architecture for the development and deployment of component based distributed business applications. Applications written using EJB architecture are scalable, transactional, and multi-user secure. These applications may be write once, and then deployed on any server platform that supports the EJB specification.
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Short Definition

EJB is a server-side component architecture that simplifies the process of building enterprise-class distributed component applications in Java. EJB provides standard for component architecture.

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Enterprise Bean

Server side software components that can be deployed in distributed multi tier environment. They encapsulate business logic of an application. Consists of one or more java objects.

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Types of Beans

Session Bean Entity Bean Message driven Bean

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Session Bean

Session beans model business processes. They are like verbs because they are actions. E.g. billing engine, catalog engine etc:

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Entity Bean

Entity Bean Models business data. They are like nouns because they are data objects E.g. product, an order, an employee etc: Session beans typically calls entity beans to perform business goals.
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EJB Fundamentals

Message Driven Bean

Message driven beans are similar to session beans. They are actions. They are called only when they receive some message. E.g. : stock trade message.

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EJB Architecture
Presentation Tier
Messaging Client
Messaging

HTML Client
Firewall

Business Partner System

SOAP,UDDI WSDL,ebXML

HTTP

C/C++ Client
CORBA-IIOP

Java Applet Java Appl

RMI-IIOP

Servlet

JSP

RMI-IIOP RMI-IIOP Application Server

Web Server

EJB Message Driven Bean EJB Session Bean

EJB Fundamentals

EJB Session Bean EJB Entity Bean

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EJB Session Bean EJB Session Bean

Business Tier

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EJB Foundation: Distributed Objects

Client Remote Interface Stub Network
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Distributed Object

Remote Interface

Skeleton

We take a monolithic application and break it into distributed system with multiple clients connecting to multiple servers and databases over network.

What do we need to worry about now?

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Services

Remote Method Invocation Load Balancing Transparent Fail Over Back end integration. Clustering Dynamic Re deployment

Middleware
EJB Fundamentals

Object life cycle Caching Security Resource Pooling System Management Message Oriented Middleware And many more..
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Explicit Middleware
Transaction API Transaction

Services
Client
Remote Interface

Distributed Object
Remote Interface

Security API

Security Services
Database API

Database drivers

Stub Network
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Skeleton

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Example Bank account obj

Transfer(Acct acc1, Acct acc2,long amt) //1.Call middleware API to perform security check. //2.Call middleware API to start a trans //3.Call middleware API to load rows from db. //4.perform trans. //5.Call middleware API to store rows in db //6.Call middleware API to end the trans.

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Explicit Middleware

Difficult to Write. Difficult to Maintain. Difficult to Support.

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Client

Implicit Middleware Distributed

Object
Remote Interface Transaction API Transaction

Services
Security API

Request Interceptor
Remote Interface Remote Interface

Security Services
Database API

Stub
Network
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Skeleton

Database drivers

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Example Bank account obj

Transfer(Acct acc1,Acct acc2,long amt) //1. Perform trans.(subtract bal from one account and add to other).

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Implicit Middleware

Easy to Write. Easy to Maintain. Easy to Support.

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EJB Container

House enterprise bean and makes them available to the client to invoke them remotely. It intercepts the client request and delegates them to corresponding bean class. It automatically performs implicit middleware that the distributed object needs. EJB object is the physical part of the container.
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EJB Fundamentals

EJB Component Ingredients

Enterprise Bean Class Interfaces

Remote and Home interface for remote access. Local and Local Home interface for local access.

Deployment Descriptor. Vendor Specific files.

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EJB Fundamentals

Enterprise Bean Class

It conforms to a well defined interface. It contains business implementation details of our component. Each bean type has more specific interface that extends javax.ejb.EnterpriseBean interface. Bean class implements the interface corresponding to the bean type.
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EJB Fundamentals

EJB Object

Client request interceptor. It duplicates all the business logic methods that the corresponding bean class exposes. Proprietary and specific to each EJB container.

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Remote Interface

Interface to request interceptor. Informs EJB Object auto generator which methods to clone. All remote interfaces must derive from javax.ejb.EJBObject. EJB remote interfaces must confirm to RMI rules.
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EJB Fundamentals

Home Object

EJB object factory. Creates,finds and destroys EJB objects. Proprietary and specific to each EJB container. Home objects implements Home Interface.

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Home Interface

EJB Object factory interface. They define methods for creating,destroying and finding EJB Objects. All home interfaces must extend javax.ejb.EJBHome. EJB remote interfaces must confirm to RMI rules.
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Local Access

Local objects make enterprise bean calls fast and efficient. Local objects implements Local Interface. Local home objects creates beans fast. Local home object implemnts Local Home interface.

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Deployment Descriptor

Declare how the container should perform middleware services for the EJB component. In EJB 2.0 deployment descriptor is a XML file. Key to implicit middleware.

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Vendor Specific Files

All vendors have proprietary value added features. Include files specific to that vendor.

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Package
Remote Interface Local Interface

Jar file creator

Enterprise Bean Home Interface

EJB jar file

Deployment Vendor Descriptor Specific EJB Fundamentals

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Sample Application My First Bean!

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Session Bean : FirstBean

package example; public class FirstBean implements javax.ejb.SessionBean { private SessionContext ctx; public void ejbCreate() { System.out.println(ejbCreate()); } public void ejbRemove() { System.out.println(ejbRemove()); } public void ejbActivate() { System.out.println(ejbActivate()); }
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public void ejbPassivate() { System.out.println(ejbPassivate()); } public void setSessionContext(javax.ejb.SessionContext ctx) { this.ctx=ctx; } public String first() { System.out.println(first()); return My First Bean; }
}
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Remote Interface : First.java

package example; public interface First extends javax.ejb.EJBObject { public String first() throws java.rmi.RemoteException; }

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Home Interface : FirstHome

package example; public interface FirstHome extends javax.ejb.EJBHome { First create() throws java.rmi.RemoteException, javax.ejb.CreateException; }

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Deployment Descriptor
<ejb-jar> <enterprise-bean> <session> <ejb-name>First</ejb-name> <home>example.FirstHome</home> <remote>example.First</remote> <ejb-class>example.FirstBean<ejb-class> <session-type>Stateless</session-type> <transaction-type>Container</transaction-type> </session> </enterprise-bean> </ejb-jar>
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Client Application
package example; import javax.naming.*; Import java.util.*; public class FirstClient { public static void main(String[] arg) throws Exception { Properties props=System.getProperties(); Context ctx=new InitialContext(props); Object obj=ctx.llokup(FirstHome); FisrtHome home=(FirstHome) javax.rmi.RemotePortableObject.narrow (obj,FirstHome.class);
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First first=home.create(); System.out.println(first.first()); first.remove(); } }

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EJB Object Model

<<interface>> java.rmi.Remote <<interface>> java.io.Serializable

Comes with Java2 platform

<<interface>> javax.ejb.EJBObject <<interface>> Javax.ejb.EJBHome <<interface>> javax.ejb.EnterpriseBean

<<interface>> javax.ejb.SessionBean

Comes with EJB Distribution

<<interface>> Remote Interface <<interface>> Home Interface Bean Implement Class

Written by developer
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EJB Container
3: Create a new Home EJB Object Interface

Client

5: Return EJB Object Reference 6: Invoke Business Method

Remote Interface

Home Object
4: Create a new EJB Object

1 : Retrieve Home object Reference

2 : Return Home object Reference

EJB Object

Enterprise Bean

7: Delegate Request to Bean

JNDI Naming Service

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Advantages of EJB

Helps to write scalable,reliable and secure applications. Provides distributed component framework and hence supports rapid application development. Supports application portablility and reusability across any vendors enterprise middleware services. It is agreed upon by industry.
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EJB Fundamentals

References

Mastering Enterprise Java Beans J2EE 1.4 Tutorials Professional Java Server Programming, J2EE Edition

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