Matakuliah: Informatika Sosial (2sks)

Democracy is a form of government in which all eligible citizens have an equal say in the decisions that affect their lives. Democracy allows eligible citizens to participate equallyeither directly or through elected representativesin the proposal, development, and creation of laws. It encompasses social, economic and cultural conditions that enable the free and equal practice of political self-determination.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democracy 2

The term originates from the Greek (dmokrata) "rule of the people",[1] which was coined from (dmos) "people" and (kratos) "power" or "rule" in the 5th century BCE to denote the political systems then existing in Greek citystates, notably Athens; the term is an antonym to (aristocratie) "rule of an elite."

Source: ^ in Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, "A Greek-English Lexicon", at Perseus

While theoretically these definitions are in opposition, in practice the distinction has been blurred historically.[2] The political system of Classical Athens, for example, granted democratic citizenship to an elite class of free men and excluded slaves and women from political participation. In virtually all democratic governments throughout ancient and modern history, democratic citizenship consisted of an elite class until full enfranchisement was won for all adult citizens in most modern democracies through the suffrage movements of the 19th and 20th centuries. The English word dates to the 16th century, from the older Middle French and Middle Latin equivalents.
Source: ^ Wilson, N. G. (2006). Encyclopedia of ancient Greece. New York: Routledge. p. 511. ISBN 0-415-97334-1. 4

One theory holds that democracy requires three fundamental principles: 1) upward control, i.e. sovereignty residing at the lowest levels of authority, 2) political equality, and 3) social norms by which individuals and institutions only consider acceptable acts that reflect the first two principles of upward control and political equality
Source: ^ Kimber, Richard (1989). "On Democracy". Scandinavian Political Studies 12 (3): 201, 199219. ISSN 0080-6757.
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E-democracy (a combination of the words electronic and democracy) is "the use of information and communications technologies and strategies by 'democratic sectors' within the political processes of local communities, states/regions, nations and on the global stage. ( Source: ^ Clift,Steven. "E-Democracy, EGovernance and Public Net-Work" www.publicus.net September 2003. http://www.publicus.net/articles/edempublicnet work.html).

Democratic actors and sectors in this context include, in order of importance, citizens/voters, political organizations, the media, elected officials, and governments. (Source: ^ a b Clift, S. (2004). E-Democracy Resource Links from Steven Clift - EGovernment, E-Politics, E-Voting Links and more. Retrieved July 10, 2009, from Publicus.Ne-t Public Strategies for the Online World: Publicus.net ) E-democracy, like democracy in its ideal form, is a direct democracy. In practical form it has been an instantiation of more limited forms of democracy.
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What is the relationship between democracy and the Internet? Is the Internet an inherently democratic medium? Does it enhance democracy? Should it be used to spread democracy and democratic ideals?

Deborah Johnson (2000) points out that claims involving the connection between the Internet and democracy tend to be made in three different ways. 1. Some authors claim that the Internet is an inherently democratic technology, 2. others claim that the Internet tends to facilitate or even enhance democracy, and still others claim that 3. because democratic values are at stake in the cyberspace policies we adopt, we should develop the Internet along democratic principles.

Arguably, a fourth claim-namely, the Internet should be used to promote democracy and democratic ideals-also needs to be examined.
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China vs. Saudi Arabia Gordon Graham:

Richard Sclove: Cass Sustein:

the Internet has provided individuals with greater choice and freedom in joining communities. Thus Graham can be interpreted as suggesting that Internet technology favors democratic values. contemporary technologies tend to undermine, rather than facilitate, democracy and community life the Internet has both democracy-enhancing and democracy-threatening aspects.

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Graham:
1. Political and Social Fragmentation 2. Democracy and the Problem of Irrationality 3. The Problem of Powerlessness in Representative Democracies

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Please relate the case study on Pemilu Tegang, Tenang dan Menang with Deborah Johnson (2000) point of views.

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