CARBON-NANOTUBES BASED GAS BIOSENSORS

CONTENTS
Introduction What is a biosensor? Types of biosensors Gas biosensor Conclusion References

BIOSENSORS

A device incorporating a biological sensing element either intimately connected to or integrated within a transducer.

A biosensor is an analytical device for the detection of an analyte that combines a biological component with a physicochemical detector component.

PARTS OF BIOSENSOR:

Biosensor has three main parts: 1. Sensitive biological element

2. Transducer or The Detector element

3. Biosensor reader

TYPES

DETECTION PRINCIPLES

Optical Biosensors

Electrical Biosensors
Electrochemical Biosensors

Piezoelectric -

Mass

Electrochemical - Electric distribution OpticalLight intensity Heat

Nanotube Based Biosensors

Viral Nanosensors Nanoshell Biosensors Nanowire Biosensor

Calorimetric-

CURRENT APPLICATIONS
Biological Applications DNA Sensors: Genetic monitoring, disease diagnosis

Immunosensors: HIV, Hepatitis, other viral diseases drug testing, environmental monitoring.

CURRENT APPLICATIONS
Cell-based Sensors: functional sensors, drug testing. Point-of-care sensors: blood, urine, electrolytes, gases, steroids, drugs, hormones, proteins. Bacteria Sensors: food industry, medicine, environmental, other. Enzyme sensors: diabetics, drug testing

ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS Detection of environmental pollution and toxicity. Agricultural monitoring Ground water screening Ocean monitoring

WHY NANO-BIOSENSOR?
Nanoparticles have novel property. Integration of material science, molecular engineering, chemistry and biotechnology. Improve the sensitivity and specificity of bimolecular detection.

Efficient bimolecular recognition, pathogenic diagnosis and environment monitoring.

PROPERTIES

Unique, physical, chemical, mechanical, magnetic and optical properties, markedly enhance the sensitivity and specificity of detection.

TYPES

OF NANOPARTICLES
Gold nanoparticles

Quantum dots

Carbon Nanotubes

CARBON NANOTUBES

Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) are allotropes of carbon with a cylindrical nanostructure. Nanotubes have been constructed with length-to-diameter ratio of up to 132,000,000:1. significantly larger than for any other material. These cylindrical carbon molecules have unusual properties, which are valuable for nanotechnology, electronics, optics and other fields of materials science and technology. In particular, owing to their extraordinary thermal conductivity and mechanical and electrical properties

DIFFERENT STRUCTURES NANOTUBES

OF

CARBON

GAS BIOSENSORS

Sensors are a class of devices that have found widespread use, ranging from the detection of gas molecules to the real time tracking of chemical signals in biological cells.

Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) are promising materials for sensing applications due to several intriguing properties.
In particular, their large length-todiameter aspect ratios provide for high surface-to-volume ratios.

CNTs have an outstanding ability to mediate fast electron-transfer kinetics for a wide range of electro active species, such as hydrogen peroxide.

In addition, CNT chemical functionalization can be used to attach almost any desired chemical species to them, which allows usfor instanceto enhance the solubility and biocompatibility of the tubes.

METAL

OXIDE NANO-CRYSTALS FOR GAS SENSING

Metal oxide Nanowire are crystalline structures with precise chemical composition, surface terminations, and dislocation-defect free. Their nanosized dimension generate properties that can be significantly different from their coarse-grained polycrystalline. High degree of crystallinity and atomic sharp terminations make them very promising for better understanding of sensing principles and for development of a new generation of gas sensors

METAL

OXIDE NANO-CRYSTALS FOR GAS

SENSING

WORKING

Metal oxide gas sensors rely on changes of electrical conductivity due to the interaction with the surrounding atmosphere. Temperature range is between 200-500 c. To avoid long term changes, they should be operated at temperatures low enough so that bulk variation never occurs and high enough so that gas reactions occur in a time.

Single crystal-based gas sensors are modulated by the surface reactions like the channel of a FET by the gate voltage. When the channel is fully depleted, carriers thermally activated from surface states are responsible for conduction. Interface between metal and metal oxide, is necessary to connect the Nanowire to the outside world, metal semiconductor junction will appear, and this junction plays a role in the sensing.

? Queries ?
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Thank you