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9-1-1
1.
2.
3.
9-1-2
22
x yx y z
u Ni ( , )ui
: x Ni ( , ) xi
v Ni ( , )vi
y Ni ( , ) yi
9-2
9-2-1
:
4
u Ni ( , )ui
v Ni ( , )vi
2
1
Ni (1 0 )(1 0 )
4
2
1
2
0 i
0 i
x Ni ( , ) xi
y Ni ( , ) yi
y
4
1
12
12 = -1,
1
o
x Ni xi
2
x
1
(1 )(1 ) x1 (1 )(1 ) x2 (1 )(1 ) x3 (1 )(1 ) x4
4
1
1
(1 ) x1 (1 ) x2 c d
2
2
y Ni yi
1
(1 )(1 ) y1 (1 )(1 ) y2 (1 )(1 ) y3 (1 )(1 ) y4
4
1
1
y (1 ) y1 (1 ) y2 e f
2
2
x y x , y
y=kx+b
x, y
x
v
e
e
B
B
B
B
1
2
3
4
u v
y x
Ni, x
0
Bi 0 Ni , y
i = 1,2,3,4
Ni, y Ni, x
Ni , x
N i
Ni, y
N i
N x, y,
Ni Ni x Ni y
x y
Ni Ni x Ni y
x y
Ni , x,
Ni , x,
x
x,
x
x,
y, Ni , x
y, Ni , y
y
y,
y
y,
x,
J x
,
y,
y,
(Jacobian)
Ni , x
1 Ni ,
N
N
i ,
i, y
y,
x
,
y,
x,
J x, y, y, x,
Ni, :
Ni ,
1
i (1 i )
4
Ni ,
1
i (1 i )
4
i= 1,2,3,4
x
e
e
D
B
y
xy
S S1 S2
Ni , x
E
Ni , x
Si D Bi
2
1
1
1 Ni , y
2
Ni , y
Ni , y
1
1 Ni , x
2
S3 S4
[K]e:
K B D B tdxdy
e
1 1
B D B t J d d
T
[K]e :
kij Bi
k11 k12
k
k22
21
k31 k32
k41 k42
k13
k23
k33
k43
k14
k24
k34
k44
T
D B j tdxdy 1 1 Bi D B j t
1
i, j = 1,2,3,4
J d d
:
1
N
N
Ni, y N j , y
E i,x j,x
T
2
Bi D B j
1
1 2
Ni, y N j , x
Ni, x N j , y
Ni , y N j , x
2
Ni , x N j , x
Ni, x N j. y
Ni, y N j , y
:
1. :
2. :
P N
e
p tdxdy N
pt
J d d
N1
0
N2
1 1
0
1 1 N
3
0
N
4
0
0
N1
0
N 2 px
t J d d
0 py
N3
0
N 4
pi
1 1
pxi
px
Ni t J d d
1 1
p yi
py
i= 1,2,3,4
3. :
qx
tds
q y
N1
0
N2
N3
0
N
4
0
0
N1
0
N 2 qx
tds
0 q y
N3
0
N 4
Qi
qxi
qx
Ni tds
q yi
q y
i=1,2,3,4
qx ,qy,
dx
dy
qx
qx cos sin
ds
ds
dy
dx
q
q y sin cos
y
ds
ds
, qx , qy
Qi
qxi
dx dy
Ni
t
dy dx
q yi
i=1 ,2 3. 4
34 =1
Qi
1
qxi
x, y,
Ni
td
1
y, x,
q yi
i= 3,4
9-2-2
2
x, y
y
.
7
8
2
.
5
2
.6
3
1
.6
2
:
u a1 a2 a3 a4 2 a5 a6 2 a7 2 a8 2
v b1 b2 b3 b4 2 b5 b6 2 b7 2 b8 2
Ni (i= 1,2,3,8)
Ni( , )
N1( , )
j i
1
Ni ( j , j ) ij
ji
0
N1(2,3,4,5,6,7,8)
0N1 11N1
:
( 1)( 1)( 1)
1
N1 ( , )
1 1 1
1 1 1 1,1 4
1
N 2 (1 )(1 )( 1)
4
1
N3 (1 )(1 )( 1)
4
1
N 4 (1 )(1 )( 1)
4
N5(, ) 1,2,3,4,6,7,8 0, 14,
34, 23,+1=0, -1=0,
-1=0, (+1)(-1)(-1 )
N5(, ), N5 (, ) 51
2 1 1
N5 ( , )
1
2
2
1 1
0,1 2
1
N 6 1 2 1
2
1
N 7 1 2 1
2
1
N8 1 2 1
2
Ni=1
N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 N6 N7 N8
1
1
1
1
(1 ) 1 1 (1 ) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
4
4
4
4
1
1
1
1
1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1
2
2
2
2
:
f N
N
1
0
N2
N3
N4
N5
N6
N7
N8
N1
N2
N3
N4
N5
N6
N7
0
e
N8
:
x=Nixi,,
y= Niyi
,
x,y
263 =1
xy
x= Nixi, Ni
1
1
1
x (1 ) 1 1 x1 (1 ) 1 1 x2 1 1 1 x3
4
4
4
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
x
4 5 6 7 1 2 1 x8
4
2
2
2
2
x3
x2
2
x 1 2 x6
2
2
2
x a 2 b c
y d 2 e f
B B1
e
B2
B3
B4
B5
B6
B7
B8
[Bi]:
Ni, x
Bi 0
Ni, y
Ni, y
N i , x
Ni , x,
Ni , x,
i = 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8
y, Ni , x
N
y,
i, y
Ni, , Ni, Ni,x Ni,y
Ni , x
1 Ni ,
N
N
i ,
i, y
y,
x
,
y,
x,
J x, y, y, x,
x
e
e
D
B
y
xy
S S1 S2
S3 S4
S5
S6
S7
S8
[Si]:
Ni , x
E
Ni , x
Si D Bi
1 2
1
1 Ni , y
2
Ni , y
Ni , y
1
1 Ni , x
2
i=1,2,8
[K]e:
B D B tdxdy
T
B D B t J d d
1
1 1
[K]e :
[K]e1616:
k11 k12
k
21 k22
k81 k82
k13
k23
k14
k15
k16
k17
k83
k84
k85
k86
k87
k18
k28
k88
kij Bi D B tdxdy Bi D B j t J d d
1 1
1
N
N
Ni, y N j , y
i,x
j,x
E
T
2
Bi D B j
1
1 2
Ni, y N j , x
Ni, x N j , y
Ni , y N j , x
2
1
Ni, y N j , y
Ni , x N j , x
2
i=1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8
Ni, x N j. y
:
1. :
2. :
p tdxdy N pt
T
J d d
N1
0
N2
0
N3
1 1
e
P 1 1
N8
0
0
N1
e
N2
p
1
1
xi
px
e
0
pi p 1 1 Ni p t
yi
y
N3
i= 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8
px
p t J d d
y
0
N8
J d d
3. :
N1
0
s
N8
qx
tds
q y
0
N1
qx
tds
q y
0
N 8
Qi
qxi
qx
Ni tds
q yi
q y
i=1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8
qx ,qy,
dx
dy
qx cos sin
qx
ds
ds
dy
dx
q y sin cos
qy
ds
ds
, qx, qy
Qi
qxi
dx dy
Ni
tds
dy dx
q yi
i=1 ,2 3.4,5,6,7,8
374 =1
Qi
1
qxi
x, y,
Ni
td
1
y, x,
q yi
i= 3,7,4
9-3
u
r
r u
w
z
rz z
u w
z r
N1
N1
r
N
1
z
B B1 B2
e
N i
r
Ni
Bi r
0
N
i
z
N i
z
N i
0
0
N1
z
N1
r
B3
N 2
r
N2
r
0
N 2
z
B4
N8
r
N8
r
0
0
N 2
z
N 2
r
B5
0
N8
z
B6
B7
u1
0 w
1
u
2
0
w2
N8
z
N8 u
8
r w
8
e
B8
Ni
N i
r=0,
r
r
9-4
:
:
u a0 a1 x a2 y
v b0 b1 x b2 y
u Niui
v Ni vi
u Ni a0 a1xi a2 yi a0 Ni a1 Ni xi a2 Ni yi
v Ni b0 b1xi b2 yi b0 Ni b1 Ni xi b2 Ni yi
:
Ni=1
u Niui
v Ni vi
9-5
20
2
. 15. .7
16.
.14
5. ..
.6 .19
20 13
11
..18 .3
2 17. 4.
.12
.10 2
. .
.2
1
9
16
2
o
15
.14
.7
.6
.
.19
13
17.
4.
.11 .18 .3
.12
.10
.1
.9
.2
5
20
u a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 2 a6 2 a7 2 a8 a9
v b1 b2 b3 b4 b5 2 b6 2 b7 2 b8 b9
b10 b11 2 b12 2 b13 2 b14 2 b15 2
b16 2 b17 b18 2 b19 2 b20 2
w c1 c2 c3 c4 c5 2 c6 2 c7 2 c8 c9
c10 c11 2 c12 2 c13 2 c14 2 c15 2
c16 2 c17 c18 2 c19 2 c20 2
:
20
u N i ( , , )ui
i 1
20
20
i 1
i 1
v N i ( , , )vi w N i ( , , ) wi
Ni
N1 (, , , )
Ni (, , , ) 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11.12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20
1 12, 10, 3, 19, 7,14, 6,18
-1=0,5,13,6,14,7,15,8,16
-1=0,4,11,3,19,7,15,8,20
-1=0, 9,12,17+++2=0
N1
1 1 1 2
1 1 1 2 1,1,1
N1
1
1 1 1 2
8
N9
N9
1 1 1
2 1 1 1
0, 1, 1
1
N9 1 2 1 1
4
N1,N2,N20
1
Ni 1 i 1
i 1 i i
i i 2 i=1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8
8
1
Ni 1 2 1 i 1 i
4
i=10,12,14,16
1
Ni 1 2 1 i 1 i
4
i= 9,11,13,15
1
Ni 1 2 1 i 1
i
4
i= 17,18,19,20
Ni:
x=Ni(,,)xi y= Ni(,,)yi z= Ni(,,)zi
B B1
e
Ni, x
0
0
Bi N
i, y
0
N i , z
B2
0
Ni, y
0
Ni, x
Ni, z
B3
0
0
Ni, z
0
Ni, y
N i , x
B19
B20
:
N i ,
Ni, x
1
J
N
i, y
i ,
N
N
i
,
z
i ,
xi ,
J xi ,
xi ,
yi ,
yi ,
yi ,
zi ,
zi ,
zi ,
1
*
J
J
J
[J]*[J],Jij*[J]Jji
1
:
{}=[D][B]{}e
[Si]=[D][Bi]
i=1,2,3,20
[Si]:
Ni , x
AN
1 i,x
A1 N i , x
Si A3 A N
2 i, y
0
A2 N i , z
A1
A1 N i , y
Ni, y
A1 N i , y
A2 N i , x
A2 N i , z
0
(1 2 )
A2
2 1
A1 N i , z
A1 N i , z
Ni, z
0
A2 N i , y
A2 N i , x
E 1
A3
1 1 2
B D B dxdydz
T
B D B J d d d
1
1 1 1
[K]e2020,[Kij]33
K ij Bi D B j J d d d
1 1 1
e
pi
pxi
px
1 1 1
p yi N i p y J d d d
1 1 1
p
p
zi
z
i=1,2,320
Qi
qxi
qx
q yi Ni q y ds
q
q
zi
z
ds, =1dsdd
9-6
(xi)
(Wi):
1
n
:
f ( x)dx f ( xi )Wi
i 1
nnxinWi,2n
f(x)2n-1
xiWin=22
f(x)2n-1
x1,x2,W1,W2 f(x)
f(x)
f ( x) c0 c1 x c2 x 2 c3 x 3
2
2
3
c
c
x
c
x
c
x
dx
2
c
c2
0 1 2 3
0
1
3
x1, x2,W1,W2
2
W1 (c0 c1 x1 c2 x12 c3 x13 ) W2 (c0 c1 x2 c2 x2 2 c3 x23 ) 2c0 c2
3
,x1,x2,W1,W2
W1+W2=2,
W1x1+W2x2=0
W1x12+W2x22=2/3
W1x13+W2x23=0
x1=-x2=-0.57735
W1=W2=1.000000
:
1.
f x, y dxdy WW f x , y
1
1 1
i 1 j 1
xy
n
f x, y dx W f x , y y
1
i 1
y:
f x, y dxdy y dy W y W W f x , y
1
1 1
j 1
WW
i
j f xi , y j
n
i 1 j 1
j 1
i 1
2. :
f x, y, z dxdydz WW W f x y z
1
1 1 1
i 1 j 1 k 1
j k