Exponential and Logarithmic Function (A)

Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
指數及對數函數
Exercises(練習)
1. Express each of the following in the form x p , where p is a rational number.

把下列各題寫成 x p 的形式，其中 p 是一個有理數。
7
(a) x4
1
(b)
( x )3
5
1
7
x4  (x4 ) 7
(a) 4
 x7
1 1
(b) 
(5 x ) 3 1
( x 5 )3
1
 3
x5
3

x 5
(6 x 3 ) 2
2. Simplify and express your answer with positive indices.
(2 x 2 ) 4
(6 x 3 ) 2
化簡，並以正指數表示答案。
(2 x 2 ) 4
(6 x 3 ) 2 62 ( x3 )2

2 4
(2 x ) 24 ( x 2 )4
36x 6

16x 8
9 x 6 8

4
9x2

4
9

4x2
1
Question Bank
3. Find the values of

求下列各題的值。
4
(a) 16 ,
(b) 3
 27 .
(a) ∵ 2  2  2  2  16
2 4  16
∴ 4
16  2

(b) ∵ (3)  (3)  (3)  27
(3)3  27
∴ 3
 27   3
2
 x 3 y 5 
4. Simplify  2 3  and express your answer with positive indices.
x y 
2
 x 3 y 5 
化簡   2 3  ，並以正指數表示答案。
x y 
2
 x3 y 5 
 2 3   [ x3 ( 2)  y 5 3 ] 2
x y 
 
 ( x 5 y 8 ) 2
 x 10 y 16
y 16

x 10

1
3
(a) (125) ,
1

(b) 81 2 .
1 1
(a) (125) 3  [(5) 3 ] 3
 5
2
5 Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
1 1

(b) 81 2  (812 ) 1
1
 [(9 2 ) 2 ]1
 (9) 1
1

9

3

(a) (32) 5 ,
2

 64  3
(b)   .
 125 
3 3
 
(a) (32) 5  [(2) 5 ] 5
 3
5   
 (2)  5
 (2)  3
1

(2) 3
1

8
1

2  2
 64  3  64  3 
    
125  
(b)
 125   
1
 2
 4  3  3 
    
 5   
 
1
 4  2 
   
 5  
1
 16 
 
 25 
25

16
3
Question Bank
7. Solve 5 x1  5 x  30 .
解 5 x1  5 x  30 。
5 x 1  5 x  30
5 1 (5 x )  5 x  30
5 x (5 1  1)  30
1
5 x (  1)  30
5
6 x
(5 )  30
5
5 x  25
5 x  52
∴ x2
8. Simplify the following expressions and express your answers with positive indices.
化簡下列各題，並以正指數表示答案。
x 2
(a) 4
x3 
x
3 1 1
x2 
(b)  (9 x 2 ) 2
4
x3
x 2 x 2
1
(a) 4
x3   ( x3 ) 4  1
x
x2
3 1
2 
 x4  x 2
3 5

 x4  x 2
3  5
   
 x4  2
3 10
x 4
7

x 4
1
 7
x4
4
1
3 1 1 1 1 1
x2  (x2 ) 3  ( )
(b)  (9 x 2 ) 2  1
9 2 x2 2
4
x3 3 4
(x )
2
1 1
x3 
 3
 (9 2 ) 1 x 4
x4
2
1 1
x3 
 3
 [(32 ) 2 ]1 x 4
x4
2
1
x3 
 3
 31 x 4
x4
2 3 1
  ( )
 3x 3 4 4
1
 3x 6
5
9. Solve 16x  8 3 .
5
解 16x  8 3 。
5
16 x  8 3
5
(2 4 )  x  (23 ) 3
2  4 x  25
 4x  5
5
∴ x
4
10. Solve the following simultaneous equations:

解以下的聯立方程：
33 x 2 y  81
 2 x 3 y
2  128

 33 x  2 y  81 ......( 1)
 2x 3 y

2  128 ......( 2)
From (1),
33x  2 y  34
∴ 3x  2 y  4
From (2),
2 2 x  3 y  27
∴ 2x  3 y  7
Consider the simultaneous equations:
5
Question Bank
3 x  2 y  4 ......( 3)

2 x  3 y  7 ......( 4)
3  (3) + 2  (4),
(9 x  6 y )  (4 x  6 y )  12  14
13x  26
x2
By substituting x = 2 into (3), we have

3(2)  2 y  4
6  2y  4
2y  2
y 1
∴ The solution is x = 2, y = 1.
11. Solve 2 2 x1  3(2 x )  1  0 .

解 2 2 x1  3(2 x )  1  0 。
22 x 1  3(2 x )  1  0
2(22 x )  3(2 x )  1  0
Let y  2 x , the equation becomes
2 y2  3y 1  0
(2 y  1)( y  1)  0
1
y or y 1
2
1
∴ 2x  or 2x  1
2
2 x  2 1 or 2 x  20
∴ x  1 or x0
12. In each of the following, find the value of x correct to 3 significant figures.
求下列各題中 x 的值，準確至三位有效數字。
(a) 10 x  4
(b) 10 x  7
(a) ∵ 10x  4
∴ x  log4
 0.602 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
(b) ∵ 10x  7
∴ x  log7
 0.845 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
6
13. Find the values of the following common logarithms without using a calculator.
試不使用計算機，求下列各常用對數的值。
(a) log 10 000 000
(b) log 0.000 1
(a) ∵ 10 000 000 = 107
∴ log 10 000 000 = 7
(b) ∵ 0.000 1 = 10–4

∴ log 0.000 1 = 4
14. Find the values of the following logarithms without using a calculator.
試不使用計算機，求下列各對數的值。
(a) log 2 32
(b) log3 243
(a) ∵ 25  32
∴ log2 32  5
(b) ∵ 35  243
∴ log3 243  5
15. Find the values of the following expressions without using a calculator.
log 49
(a)
log 3 7
log 7 36
(b)
log 7 216
log49 log7 2
(a) 3
 1
log 7
log7 3
2 log7

1
log7
3
2

1
3
6
7
Question Bank
log7 36 log7 6 2
(b)  1
log7 216
log7 (6 3 ) 2
log7 6 2
 3
log7 6 2
2 log7 6

3
log7 6
2
2

3
2
4

3
16. Find the values of the following expressions without using a calculator.
(a) log 25  log 40
(b) log3 189  log3 7
(a) log25  log40  log(25 40)
 log1000
 log103
 3 log10
3
189
(b) log3 189  log3 7  log3
7
 log3 27
 log3 33
 3 log3 3
3
5 log x 3
17. Simplify , where x > 0 and x  1.
6 log x  log 3 x
5 log x 3
化簡，其中 x > 0 且 x  1。
6 log x  log 3 x
5 log x 3 (3  5) log x

6 log x  log x 3 1
6 log x  log x 3
15log x

1
6 log x  log x
3
15log x

1
(6  ) log x
3
15

17
3
45

17
8
18. Solve 32 x1  16 and give your answer correct to 3 significant figures.
解 32 x1  16 ，並取答案準確至三位有效數字。
32 x 1  16
log32 x 1  log16
(2 x  1) log3  log16
log16
2x  1 
log3
log16
1
log3
x
2
 1.76 (cor. to 3 sig.fig.)
19. Given that log 2 = a and log 3 = b, express the following in terms of a and b.
已知 log 2 = a 及 log 3 = b，試以 a 和 b 表示下列各數式。
(a) log 6
(b) log 1800
(a) log6  log(2  3)
 log2  log3
 ab
(b) log1800  log(2  32 102 )

 log2  log32  log102
 log2  2 log3  2 log10
 a  2b  2
20. Solve (log x) 2  log x  6  0 .

解 (log x) 2  log x  6  0 。
Let y = log x, then the equation (log x)2 – log x – 6 = 0 becomes:
y2  y  6  0
( y  2)( y  3)  0
y = –2 or y = 3
For y = –2, log x  2
1
x
100
For y = 3, log x = 3
x = 1000
1
∴ x or 1000
100
9
Question Bank
21. Solve 5 x1  3 x1 and give your answer correct to 3 significant figures.
解 5 x1  3 x1 ，並取答案準確至三位有效數字。
5 x 1  3 x 1
log5 x 1  log3 x 1
( x  1) log5  ( x  1) log3
x log5  log5  x log3  log3
(log5  log3) x  log3  log5
log3  log5
x
log5  log3
22. Solve the following logarithmic equations.

解下列各對數方程。
(a) log(3x  2)  2
(b) log( x  6)  log( x  8)  log 2
(a) ∵ log(3x  2)  2
∴ 3x  2  100
3x  102
x  34
(b) log(x  6)  log(x  8)  log2

 x6
log   log2
 x 8 
x6
2
x 8
x  6  2 x  16
x  10
23. Given that the intensity level of the sound produced by a barking dog is 50 dB and that of a crying baby
is 45 dB. How many times is the intensity of the sound produced by the barking dog to that of the crying
baby? (Give your answer correct to 3 significant figures.)
已知一隻狗的吠聲和一名嬰兒的哭聲的聲強級分別是 50 dB 和 45 dB。問狗的吠聲的聲強相當於嬰
兒的哭聲的多少倍？(答案須準確至三位有效數字。)
Let I1 and I2 be the sound intensities produced by the barking dog and the crying baby respectively.
By the definition of sound intensity level, we have

I 
50  10log 1 
 I0 
I 
and 45  10log 2 

 I0 
10
I  I 
∴ 50  45  10 log 1   10 log 2 
 I0   I0 
 I   I 
5  10log 1   log 2 
  0 
I  I 0 
1 I 
 log 1 
2  I2 
1
I1
 10 2
I2
∴ The sound intensity produced by the barking dog is
3.16 times to that of the crying baby.
24. The strengths of earthquakes in City A and City B were measured 6 and 5.4 respectively on the Richter
scale. How many times is the strength of the earthquake in City A to that in City B? (Give your answer
correct to 3 significant figures.)
已知發生於 A 城和 B 城的地震的強度分別為黎克特制 6 級和 5.4 級。問 A 城的地震的強度是
B 城的多少倍？(答案須準確至三位有效數字。)
Let E1 and E2 be the relative energies released by the earthquakes in City A and City B respectively.
By the definition of the Richter scale, we have
6 = log E1 and 5.4 = log E2
i.e. E1 = 106 and E2 = 105.4
E1 106
∴  5.4
E 2 10
 100.6
 3.98 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
∴ The strength of the earthquake in City A is 3.98 times that in City B.
25. The sound intensity inside a concert hall is 3 times as that outside the concert hall. If the sound intensity
level outside the concert hall is 45 dB, find the sound intensity level inside the concert hall. (Give your
answer correct to 3 significant figures.)
已知演奏廳內的聲強是演奏廳外的 3 倍。若演奏廳外的聲強級是 45 dB，求演奏廳內的聲強級。(答
案須準確至三位有效數字。)
Let I be the sound intensity outside the concert hall, then the sound intensity inside the concert hall is 3I.
∵ The sound intensity level outside the concert hall is
45 dB.
 I 
∴ 45  10 log 
 I0 
Let  dB be the sound intensity level inside the concert hall.
 3I 
∴   10log 
 I0 
 3I   I 
  45  10log   10log
 I


 I0   0 
  3I   I 
  45  10loglog   log
 I


  0
I  0 
  45  10log3
  45  10log3
∴ The sound intensity level inside the concert hall is
11
Question Bank
49.8 dB.
3 x
1
26. Solve 4 2 x  64 x 1    .
8
3 x
1
解 4 2 x  64 x 1    。
8
3 x
1
42 x  64x 1   
8
(22 )2 x  (26 ) x 1  (23 )3 x
24 x  26 x  6  29 x
2 4 x6 x6  2 9 x
210 x  6  2 9 x
10x  6  9 x
x  6
27. Simplify the following expression and express your answer with positive indices.
化簡下列各題，並以正指數表示答案。
1 1

1  27a  3 3
 
2
   3 8b
9  3 a7
 b 
1 1
1

 27a  3 8b3
  3
2
 
9  b3  a7
 
1 1 1 1
 1 3
1   273 a 3 8 3 b 3
=9  2
 1 1
 1
3  7
2 3 3
b a
1
1
3a 3 2b
=9  1  7
2
b2 a3
1 7 1
 1
= 3 6  a3 3
b 2
1
= 18a 2 b 2
1
18b 2
=
a2
12
1
28. Solve 6 log 2 ( x  1) 3  log 2 2 x  1.
1
解 6 log 2 ( x  1) 3  log 2 2 x  1 。
1
6 log2 ( x  1) 3  log2 2 x  1
1
6
log2 ( x  1) 3  log2 2 x  1
log2 ( x  1)  log2 2 x  1
2
( x  1) 2
log2 1
2x
( x  1) 2
2
2x
( x  1) 2  4 x
x 2  2x 1  4x
x 2  2x 1  0
( x  1) 2  0
x 1
2
3 8
3 log 2    log 2
29. Simplify 2 27
.
log 2 3  log 2 2
2
3 8
3 log 2    log 2
化簡  
2 27
。
log 2 3  log 2 2
2 3
3 8 3 2
3 log2    log2 (3  2) log2  log2  
2 27 2 3

log2 3  log2 2 3
log2
2
3
3 3
6 log2  log2  
2 2

3
log2
2
3 3
6 log2  3 log2
 2 2
3
log2
2
3
(6  3) log2
 2
3
log2
2
9
13
Question Bank
Pre-requisite Questions
預備測驗
1. Find the value of 53  5 4  55 .
求 53  5 4  55 的值。
53  54  55  53 4  5
 52
 25
2. Find the value of k 9  k 9 .

9
求 k  k 的值。
9
k 9  k 9  k 9 9
 k0
1
3. Find the value of (3 2 ) 3 .

求 (3 2 ) 3 的值。
(32 ) 3  32  3
 36
 729
4. Find the value of 23  2 2 .

求 2 3  2 2 的值。
23  22  23 2
 25
 32
5. Find the value of 4 6  4 3 .

求 4 6  4 3 的值。
46  4 3  46  ( 3)
 43
 64
0
 1
Find the value of     2 .
4
6.
 7
0
 1
求     2  4 的值。
 7
14
0
  1   2  4  1  2  4
 7
1
 4
2
 24
 16
5 0  4 1
7. Find the value of .
2 2
5 0  4 1
求的值。
2 2
1
50  4 1 1
 4
22 1
22
4 1
 4
1
4
 3
2 0 2
6 7 4
8. Find the value of         .
7 8 7
2 0 2
6 7 4
求       的值。
7 8 7
2 0 2
6 7 4
     
 
7 8 7
2 2
7 4
   1  
6 7
 7 2   42 
  2    2 
6  7 
2
4
 
6
2
2
 
3
4

9
9. Find the value of (32  30 ) 1 .

求 (32  30 ) 1 的值。
(32  30 ) 1  (32  1) 1
 (3 2 ) 1
 32
 9
15
Question Bank
3
 3 
10. Find the value of   1  .
 2 
3
 3 
求   1  的值。
 2 
3
  3 
 2 1 
3
   3  2
 ( 6 )  3
1
 
216
11. Simplify and express a 7  a 2  a 5 .

化簡 a 7  a 2  a 5 。
a 7  a 2  a5  a 725
 a10
12. Simplify and express (4a 3 ) 2 with positive indices.

化簡 (4a 3 ) 2 ，並以正指數表示答案。
( 4a 3 ) 2  ( 4) 2 a 3 2
 16a 6
13. Simplify and express b 4  b 8 with positive indices.

化簡 b 4  b 8 ，並以正指數表示答案。
b 4  b 8  b 4  ( 8)
 b4 8
 b12
14. Simplify and express (3m 2 n) 0 (2m 2 n) 5 with positive indices.

化簡 (3m 2 n) 0 (2m 2 n) 5 ，並以正指數表示答案。
(3m 2 n ) 0 ( 2m 2 n )5  1  ( 2m 2 n )5
 2 5 m  2 5n 5
32n 5

m10
6
1
15. Simplify and express   with positive indices.
b
6
1
化簡   ，並以正指數表示答案。
b
16
6
 1   ( b 1 )  6
b
 b6
16. Simplify and express (a 2 b 1 ) 3 with positive indices.

化簡 (a 2 b 1 ) 3 ，並以正指數表示答案。
( a 2 b 1 ) 3  a 2 ( 3) b 1( 3)
 a  6b3
b3

a6
1
x  x 1 
17. Simplify and express 1    with positive indices.

y  y 
1
x  x 1 
化簡   ，並以正指數表示答案。
y 1  y 
1 1
x x  x
1
   xy 
y  y  y 1
 xy  xy
 2 xy
4
 r 0 s 2 
18. Simplify and express  3  with positive indices.

 t 
4
 r 0 s 2 
化簡  3  ，並以正指數表示答案。
 t 
0 2 4 2 4
r s  1  s 
 3    
 t   t 
3
 ( s  2t  3 )  4
 s  2 ( 4 ) t  3( 4 )
 s 8t 12
17
Question Bank
Level 1 Questions
程度 1 題目
(3a 3 ) 4
1. Simplify and express with positive indices.
(9a 2 ) 2
(3a 3 ) 4
(9a 2 ) 2
(3a 3 ) 4 34 ( a 3 ) 4
2 2
 2 2 2
( 9a ) 9 (a )
81a12

81a 4
 a12  4
 a8
2
 181 a 5 b 6 
2. Simplify and express  2 5
 with positive indices.
 6 a 
2
 181 a 5 b 6 
化簡  2 5
 ，並以正指數表示答案。
 6 a 
1 5 6 2 2
 18 a b 
 
36  5  5 6 
  a b 
2 5
 6 a   18 
 ( 2a 10b 6 )  2
a 20b 12

4
20
a

4b12
(2b 1 ) 6
(4 1 b 4 )  4
(2b 1 ) 6
(4 1 b 4 )  4
( 2b 1 ) 6 2 6 ( b 1 ) 6
1 4  4
 1  4 4  4
(4 b ) ( 4 ) (b )
64(b  6 )

256(b 16 )
b  6  ( 16)

4
b10

4
18
3
 a 2 b 2 
4. Simplify and express  5 3  with positive indices.
a b 
3
 a 2 b 2 
化簡  5 3  ，並以正指數表示答案。
a b 
2 2 3
a b  2  ( 5 )
  5 3   [a  b  2  3 ]3
a b 
 (a 7b  5 )3
 a 21b 15
a 21

b15
 1 
5. Find the value of 5  .
 243 
 1 
求 5   的值。
 243 
5
 
1    1 
5
  5
 243   3
1
 
3
6
6. Find the value of 64 .
求 6
64 的值。
64  2
6 6 6
 2
1

7. Find the value of 729 3 .
1

求 729 3
的值。
1 1

729 3
 (7293 ) 1
1
 [(9 3 ) 3 ]1
 ( 9 ) 1
1

9
19
Question Bank
8. Find the value of 2564 .
1
求 256 4 的值。
1 1
256 4  (4 4 ) 4
4
9. Express 5
x 2 in the form xp, where p is a rational number.
把 5
x 2 寫成 xp 的形式，其中 p 是一個有理數。
1
x2  ( x2 ) 5
5
2
 x5
10. Express (3 x ) 6 in the form xp, where p is a rational number.

把 (3 x ) 6 寫成 xp 的形式，其中 p 是一個有理數。
1
(3 x ) 6  ( x 3 ) 6
 x2
9x
11. Express in the form xp, where p is a rational number.
4 6
81x
9x
把寫成 xp 的形式，其中 p 是一個有理數。
4 6
81x
9x 9x
4
 1 1
6
81x (81) 4 ( x 6 ) 4
9x
 3
3x 2
3
1
 3x 2
1

 3x 2
2
12. Express in the form xp, where p is a rational number.
( x )3
2
把寫成 xp 的形式，其中 p 是一個有理數。
( x )3
20
2 2
 1
( x )3
( x 2 )3
2
 3
x2
3

 2x 2
2
13. Find the value of (216) 3 without using a calculator.
2
試不使用計算機，求 (216) 3 的值。
2 2
( 216) 3  [( 6) 3 ] 3
 ( 6) 2
 36
4
 64  3
14. Find the value of    without using a calculator.
 125 
4
 64  3
試不使用計算機，求    的值。
 125 
4 4
  64  3    4  
3 3
 125   
 5  
4
   
4
 5
256

625
3
 625  4
15. Find the value of   without using a calculator.
 16 
3
 625  4
試不使用計算機，求   的值。
 16 
3 3
 625  4   5  
4 4
 16   
 2  
3
  
5
2
125

8
21
Question Bank
4
a3
3
a2
4
a3
3
a2
1
4
a3 (a 3 ) 4
3
 1
a2 (a 2 ) 3
3
a4
 2
a3
3 2

 a4 3
9 8
 a 12
1
 a 12
3

 36  2
17. Find the value of   without using a calculator.
 49 
3

 36  2
試不使用計算機，求   的值。
 49 
3 3

 36  2
  
49 2
 49   36 
3
 7 2
2
   
 6  
3
  
7
6
243

216
2 1 5
 
18. Simplify and express (8a 3 b 4 ) 3
 (a 2 b 6 ) 4 with positive indices.
2 1 5
 
化簡 (8a 3 b 4 ) 3
 (a 2 b 6 ) 4 ，並以正指數表示答案。
2 1 5 2 8 10
    
(8a  3b 4 ) 3
 (a 2 b )  (8 3 a 2 b 3 )  ( a 2 b
6 4 3
)
    
8 10
a22  b 3  3 
 2
(23 ) 3
2
a0  b 3

4
2
b3

4
22
144a 4
(2a 1 ) 3
144a 4
(2a 1 ) 3
144a 4 (12a 2 ) 2

( 2 a 1 ) 3 23 a  3
12a 2

8a  3
3
 a 2  ( 3)
2
3
 a5
2
1
20. Simplify and express (ab 2 ) 5  (a 6 b 9 ) 3 with positive indices.
1
化簡 (ab  2 ) 5  (a 6 b 9 ) 3 ，並以正指數表示答案。
1
(ab 2 )5  ( a 6b 9 ) 3  (a 5b 10 )  (a 2b 3 )
 a 5  2  b 10 3
 a 7  b7
a7

b7
1 4 5 1 2
  
21. Simplify and express (3a 3 b 5 ) 2  (32a 6 b 4 ) 5
with positive indices.
1 4 5 1 2
  
化簡 (3a 3 b 5 ) 2  (32a 6 b 4 ) 5 ，並以正指數表示答案。
1 4 5 1 2
  
(3a 3 b )  ( 32a 6 b 4 )
5 2 5
2 8 2 1 1
    
 (32 a 3 b 5 )  [( 32) 5
a 3b 10
]
2 8
 
3 5
9a b
 2 1 1
  
[( 2)5 ] 5 a 3 b 10
         
2 1 8 1
3  3 5  10 
9a b

( 2 )  2
1 3
 
 36a 3 b 2
36
 1 3
a 3b 2
23
Question Bank
3

 2
 4
 81a  2 b 3 
22. Simplify and express  2  with positive indices.
 256b 
 
3

 2
 4
 81a  2 b 3 
化簡  2  ，並以正指數表示答案。
 256b 
 
3
 3
 2  4  4
 81a  2b 3   256b  2 
   
 256b  2  
2

   81a  2b 3 
 
3
 2 4
 256b  2  3 
 
 81a  2 
 
 
3
 8 4
 256b  3 
 
 81a  2 
 
 
3
 4
 256a 2 
 8 
 
 81b 3 
3 3
(256) 4 ( a 2 ) 4
 3 8 3
(81) 4 (b 3 ) 4
3 3
(44 ) 4 a 2
 3
(34 ) 4 b 2
3
43 a 2

33 b 2
3
64a 2

27b 2
2x 3
1
23. Solve the equation 4 3  2564 .
2x 3
1
解 43  2564 。
24
2x 3
1
4 3
 2564
2x 3
1
4 3
 (44 ) 4
2x
1
4 3  43
2x
1  3
3
∴ x  6
x 2
24 Solve the equation 3  243 . 2 5
x 2
. 解 3  243 。 2 5
x 2
3 2  2435
x 2
3 2  (35 ) 5
x
3 2  32
x
 2
2
x  4
25. Solve the equation 3 x 3  3(3 x )  72 .

解 3 x 3  3(3 x )  72 。
3x  3  3(3x )  72
3x (33  3)  72
3x ( 24)  72
3x  3
∴ x 1
x 2
26. Solve the equation 9 4  27 3 .
x 2
解 9 4  27 3 。
x 2
9 4  27 3
x 2
(32 ) 4  (33 ) 3
x
3 2  32
x
 2
2
∴ x  4
25
Question Bank
4x
27. Solve the equation 4(4 x 1 )   240 .
16
4x
解 4(4 x 1 )   240 。
16
4x
4( 4 x 1 )   240
16
x 2
4 4
x
 240
4 x  2 ( 4 2  1)  240
4 x  2  16
4 x  2  42
x2  2
x  4
28. Solve the equation 9 3 x  81(3 x ) .

解 9 3 x  81(3 x ) 。
9 3 x  81(3x )
(32 ) 3 x  (34 )(3x )
36 x  34  x
6x  4  x
4
x 
5
29. Solve the equation 2 2 x  4  4 x 1  126 .

解 2 2 x4  4 x1  126 。
2 2 x  4  4 x 1  126
2 2 ( x  2 )  4 x 1  126
4 x  2  4 x 1  126
4 x 1 ( 4 3  1)  126
4 x 1  2
2 2 ( x 1)  2
2( x  1)  1
3
x 
2
30. Solve the equation 35 x  27(9 x ) .

解 35 x  27(9 x ) 。
35 x  27(9 x )
35 x  (33 )(32 ) x
35 x  33 2 x
5x  3  2 x
x 1
26
31. Find the value of log 1000 without using a calculator.

試不使用計算機，求 log 1000 的值。
log1000  log103
 3
1
32. Find the value of log without using a calculator.
100 000
1
試不使用計算機，求 log 的值。
100 000
1
log  log10 5
100 000
 5
33. Find the value of log 0.000 1 without using a calculator.

試不使用計算機，求 log 0.000 1 的值。
log 0.0001  log104
 4
1
34. Find the value of log 3 without using a calculator.
729
1
試不使用計算機，求 log 3 的值。
729
1 1
log3  log3
729 36
3
 log3 3
 3
35. Find the value of log 2 128 without using a calculator.

試不使用計算機，求 log 2 128 的值。
log2 128  log2 27
 7
36. Find the value of log5 0.008 without using a calculator.

. 試不使用計算機，求 log5 0.008 的值。
log5 0.008  log5 

8 

 1000
 log5 
1 

 125 
 log5 5 3
 3
27
Question Bank
37. Find the value of x in the equation 10 x  7 and give your answer correct to 3 significant figures.
解 10 x  7 ，並取答案準確至三位有效數字。
∵ 10x = 7
∴ x = log 7
= 0.845 (cor. to 3 sig. fig)
∵ 10x  40
∴ x  log 40
∵ 103x  80
∴ 3x  log 80
 0.634 (cor. to 3 sig.fig.)
∵ 10x  169
∴ x  log169
41. Find the value of x in the equation 10 x  0.5 and give your answer correct to 3 significant figures.
解 10 x  0.5 ，並取答案準確至三位有效數字。
∵ 10x  0.5
∴ x  log 0.5
  0.301 (cor. to 3 sig.fig.)
42. Find the value of log 25 + log 400 without using a calculator.
試不使用計算機，求 log 25 + log 400 的值。
log 25  log 400  log(25  400)
 log10 000
 log104
 4
28
43. Find the value of x in the equation ( 10) x  9.2 and give your answer correct to 3 significant
figures.
解 ( 10) x  9.2 ，並取答案準確至三位有效數字。
( 10 ) x = 9.2
x
10 2 = 9.2
x
= log 9.2
2
x = 1.93 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
44. Find the value of log 8 + log 625  log 5 without using a calculator.
試不使用計算機，求 log 8 + log 625  log 5 的值。
8  625 
log8  log 625  log 5  log 
 5 
 log1000
 log103
 3
45. Find the value of log 4 2  log 4 32 without using a calculator.

試不使用計算機，求 log 4 2  log 4 32 的值。
 2 
log4 2  log4 32  log4  
 32 
 log4 
1 

 16 
 log4  
1
4
 log4 4 1
 1
log 6 3 16
46.. Find the value of without using a calculator.
 1 
log 6  
 64 
log 6 3 16
試不使用計算機，求的值。
 1 
log 6  
 64 
29
Question Bank
1
log6 3 16 log6 ( 24 ) 3

 1  log6 2 6
log6  
 64 
4
log6 2 3

log6 2 6
4
log6 2
 3
 6 log6 2
2

9
log 5 125
47. Find the value of without using a calculator.
log 5 25
log 5 125
log 5 25
log5 125 log5 5 3

log5 25 log5 5 2
3 log5 5

2 log5 5
3

2
log 81
log 243
log 81
log 243
log 81 log 34

log 243 log 35
4 log 3

5 log 3
4

5
49. Given that log 3 = x and log 4 = y, express log 12 in terms of x and y.
已知 log 3 = x 及 log 4 = y，試以 x 和 y 表示 log 12。
log12  log(3 4)
 log 3  log 4
 x y
30
log 432  log(33  42 )
 log 33  log 42
 3 log 3  2 log 4
 3x  2 y
log135  log(33  5)
 3  10 
3
 log 
 2 
 log 33  log10  log 2
 3 log 3  1  log 2
 3y  1  x
52. Solve the equation 3 x 1  8 and give your answer correct to 3 significant figures.
解 3 x 1  8 ，並取答案準確至三位有效數字。
3x 1  8
log 3x 1  log 8
( x  1) log3  log8
log 8
x 1
log 3
 0.893 (cor. to 3 sig.fig.)
53 Solve the equation 2(2 x 1 )  3(2 x 2 )  42 and give your answer correct to 3 significant figures.
解 2(2 x 1 )  3(2 x 2 )  42 。並取答案準確至三位有效數字。
2( 2 x 1 )  3( 2 x  2 )  42
2 x  3( 2 x  2 )  42
2 x  2 ( 2 2  3)  42
2x 2  6
( x  2)log 2  log 6
log 6
x  2
log 2
log 240  log(2  3  10)
 log 23  log 3  log10
 3 log 2  log 3  log10
 3x  y  1
31
Question Bank
55 Solve the equation 53 x  4 2 x 1 and give your answer correct to 3 significant figures.
解 53 x  4 2 x 1 ，並取答案準確至三位有效數字。
53 x  42 x 1
3x log 5  (2 x  1) log4
3x log 5  2 x log 4  log 4
(2 log 4  3 log 5)x  log 4
log 4
x
2 log 4  3 log 5
  0.674 (cor. to 3 sig.fig.)
56. Solve the equation 2 x 15 2 x  4 and give your answer correct to 3 significant figures.
解 2 x 15 2 x  4 ，並取答案準確至三位有效數字。
2 x 152 x  4
52 x  2 2  ( x 1)
52 x  2 3 x
2 x log 5  (3  x ) log 2
(2 log 5  log 2)x  3 log 2
3 log 2
x 
2 log 5  log 2
 0.532 (cor. to 3 sig.fig.)
57. Solve the equation log 4 (5x  1)  1 .

解 log 4 (5x  1)  1 。
log4 (5 x  1)  1
1
log4 (5 x  1)  log4  
4
1
5x  1 
4
1
∴ x
4
58. Solve the equation log (3x  2) = 2.

解 log (3x  2) = 2。
log(3x  2)  2
log(3x  2)  log100
3x  2  100
∴ x  34
32
59. Solve the equation log 2 ( x  1)  5 .

解 log 2 ( x  1)  5 。
log2 ( x  1)  5
log2 ( x  1)  log2 32
x  1  32
∴ x  31
60. Solve the equation log7 (4 x  5)  0 .

解 log7 (4 x  5)  0 。
log7 (4 x  5)  0
4x  5  1
∴ x  1
61. The sound intensity level of piledriver A and piledriver B are 108 dB and 114 dB respectively. How
many times is the sound intensity produced by piledriver B to that by piledriver A?
(Give your answer correct to 3 significant figures.)
打椿機 A 和打椿機 B 所產生的聲強級分別是 108 dB 和 114 dB。問打椿機 B 所產生的聲強
是打椿機 A 的多少倍?
（答案須準確至三位有效數字。）
Let I1 and I2 be the sound intensities produced by piledriver A and piledriver B respectively.
I 
108  10 log 1 
 I0 
I 
and 114  10 log 2 
 I0 
I  I 
∴ 114  108  10 log 2   10 log 1 
 I0   I0 
 I   I 
6  10log 2   log 1 
  0 I  I 0 
3 I 
 log 2 
5  I1 
3
I2
 105
I1
∴ The sound intensity produced by piledriver B is
3.98 times to that of piledriver A.
33
Question Bank
62. The sound intensity level of a road is 75 dB measured from the building next to the road. After
building noise absorber along the road, the sound intensity level decreases to 65 dB. How many times
is the sound intensity of the road before building noise absorber to that after building noise absorber?
一條街道的路面噪音的聲強級是 75 dB。當設置吸音裝置後，路面噪音的聲強級減少至 65 dB。
問設置吸音裝置前的路面噪音的聲強是設置吸音裝置後的多少倍？
Let I1 and I2 be the sound intensities measured on the road before and after building noise absorber respectively.
I 
75  10 log 1 
 I0 
I 
and 65  10 log 2 
 I0 
I  I 
∴ 75  65  10 log 1   10 log 2 
 0
I  I0 
 I   I 
10  10log 1   log 2 
  I 0   I 0 
I 
1  log 1 
 I2 
I1
 101
I2
 10
∴ The sound intensity measured on the road before building noise absorber is 10 times to that after building noise absorber.
63. The strengths of earthquakes in city A in 1979 and in 1995 were measured 6.5 and 7.2 respectively on
the Richter scale. How many times is the strength of the earthquake in city A in 1995 to that in 1979?
城市 A 於 1979 年和 1995 年的地震強度分別是黎克特制 6.5 級和 7.2 級。問城市 A 於
1995 年的地震強度是 1979 年的多少倍？
Let E1 and E2 be the relative energies released by the earthquakes in city A in 1979 and in 1995 respectively.
6.5  log E1 and 7.2  log E2
i.e. E1  106.5 and E2  107.2
E2 107.2
∴  6.5
E1 10
 100.7
∴ The strength of the earthquake in city A in 1995 is 5.01 times to that in 1979.
34
64. The sound intensity level of a construction site in the evening is 50 dB, whereas the sound intensity
level during the day-time increases by 30 dB. How many times is the sound intensity of the
construction site during the day-time to that in the evening?
一個建築工程地盤在黃昏時所產生的聲強級是 50 dB，而在日間所產生的聲強級較黃昏時的增
加 30 dB。問該建築工程地盤在日間時的聲強是黃昏時的多少倍？
Let I1 and I2 be the sound intensities of the construction site in the evening and the day-time respectively.
10 log 2   10 log 1 
I I
 30
 I0   I0 
10log 2   log 1 

I I
 30
  I 0   0 
I
log 2 
I
 3
 I1 
I2
 103
I1
 1000
∴ The sound intensity of the construction site during the day-time is 1000 times to that in the evening.
65. How many times is the strength of an earthquake measured 7 on the Richter scale to that measured 4
on the Richter scale?
問黎克特制 7 級地震的強度是黎克特制 4 級地震的多少倍?
Let E1 and E2 be the relative energies released by the earthquakes measured 7 and 4 on the Richter scale respectively.
7  log E1 and 4  log E2
i.e. E1  107 and E2  104
E1 107
∴  4
E2 10
 103
 1000
∴ The strength of the earthquake measured 7 on the Richter scale is 1000 times to that measured 4 on the Richter scale.
35
Question Bank
Level 2 Questions
程度 2 題目
2
x5
1. Simplify and express 6
x3  with positive indices.
x3
2
5
x
化簡 6
x3  ，並以正指數表示答案。
x3
2 2
3
6 x5 x5
x 
3
 x6  3
x3
x2
2
1
x5
 x2  3
x2
1 2 3
 
 x2 5 2
1
 3
x5
1 2
1
m4n3
2. Simplify and express 1 1
 (mn) 3 with positive indices.
m6n2
1 2
1
m4n3
化簡 1 1
 (mn) ，並以正指數表示答案。
3
6 2
m n
1 2 1 2
1 1 1
m4n3 m4n3
1 1
 (mn) 3  1 1
 m3n3
m6n2 m6n2
1 1 1 2 1 1
   
 m4 6 3n 3 2 3
1 1
 
m 4n 6
1
 1 1
m4n6
1 3

3. Simplify and express 2 1 y 6  3 27 y 2  (6 y 4
) with positive indices.
1 3

化簡 2 1 y 6  3 27 y 2  (6 y 4
) ，並以正指數表示答案。
36
1 3 1 1 3
 
21 y 6  3 27 y 2  (6 y 4)  21 y 6  (27 y 2 ) 3  (6 y 4)
1 3

3y 6 4
 2
3y 3
1 3 2
 
 y6 4 3
5

y 4
1
 5
y4
3 1 1

a 2 b  (a 2 b 2 ) 3  (ab 4 ) with positive indices.
3 1 1

化簡 4
a 2 b  (a 2 b 2 ) 3  (ab 4 ) ，並以正指數表示答案。
3 1 1 1 1 2 1
4  
a 2b  (a 2 b 2 ) 3  (ab 4)  (a 2b) 4  (a 2 b 3 )  (ab 4)
1 1 1 2 1

 (a 2 b 4 )  (a 2 b 3 )  (ab 4)
1 1 1 2  1
 1     
 a2 2 b4 3  4
2
 a 2b 3
2
 1 2
 27  3 
5 Simplify and express  ab3   (3a 3 b)  (4a 3 b) 2 with positive indices.
 64 
2
 1 2
 27  3 
化簡  ab3   (3a 3 b)  (4a 3 b) 2 ，並以正指數表示答案。
 64 
2
 
1 2
 27 3  3
 ab   (3a 3 b)  (4a 3 b) 2
 64 
 
2 2  1 4
 27  3   
   a 3 b  2   (3a 3 b)  (42 a 3 b 2 )
 
64

 16  2  1

4
  a 3 b  2   (3a 3 b)  (16a 3 b 2 )
9
 
2 1  4
1  3  3   3   2 1 2
 a b
3
1
 ab3
3
a
 3
3b
37
Question Bank
1
a3 a
6. Simplify and express 4
 ( a  2 b)    with positive indices.
b b
1
a3 a
化簡 4
 (a  2 b)    ，並以正指數表示答案。
b b
1
a3 a a3  a 1 
 ( a  2b )      (a  2b)   1 
4
b
4 b 
b b  
 a 3 2 1b  ( 4) 1 ( 1)
 a 0b 6
 b6
3

7. Simplify and express 25x  (5 x 4
y )  2  (3 xy ) 4 with positive indices.
3

化簡 25x  (5 x 4
y )  2  (3 xy ) 4 ，並以正指數表示答案。
3

25x  (5 x 4 y ) 2  (3 xy )4
1 3 4 4
 (25x) 2  (5 2 x 2 y  2 )  ( x 3 y 3 )
1 3 4 4
 (5 x 2 )  (5 2 x 2 y  2 )  ( x 3 y 3 )
 ( 2) 
1 3 4 4
 
 51( 2) x 2 2 3 y 3
1 10
 53 x 3 y 3
1 10
 125x 3 y 3
38
1
2b
8. Simplify and express  a 4 b 3  (3 8a 6 ) 1 with positive indices.
4
a 4b 2
1
2b
化簡  a 4 b 3  (3 8a 6 ) 1 ，並以正指數表示答案。
4
a 4b 2
1
2b
 a 4 b3  ( 8a 6 ) 1
3
4 4 2
a b
1 1 1 6
2b  
 1
 ( a 4 b3 ) 2  (8 3a 3)
( a 4b 2 ) 4
1 3
2b  a2 
  (a 8 b 2 )   
1  2 
 
ab 2
1 1 3
1  ( 2 ) 1 
 4a 8 b 2 2
7
 4a 8 b 1
7
4a 8

b
2
3x  x 5 y  5
81x  2 y 8     with positive indices.

2
 32 
xy 3
2
3x  x 5 y  5
化簡 4
81x y  2 8
   ，並以正指數表示答案。
2
 32 
xy 3
3
  5
2
2 3x   x y 5
4
81x y   8
  
 2
  32 
 xy 3 
   2 5 
2
x 3 x y 
y )  
1

 (3x 2 2
  4 

3
 
 27x 2 y   
1
4  2  3   2   ( 2 ) 2  ( 1)  25

1 3
 x y
9
13
4
 x0 y 5
9
4 135
 y
9
39
Question Bank
3

 1 1
 4 1
10. Simplify and express (16m 4 n)   2   (2m 4 n 3 ) with positive indices.
3 
 mn 
2
3

 1 1
 4 1
化簡 (16m 4 n)   2   (2m 4 n 3 ) ，並以正指數表示答案。
3 
 mn 
2
3

1
 1  4 1
(16m 4
n) 2    ( 2m 4 n  3 )
3 2 
 mn 
3

  4
1
 1 
1
 ( 4m n ) 
2 2
 1 2  ( 2m 4 n 3 )
 3 3
m n 
1  
 
1
1 4 n 3 )
 ( 4m 2 n 2 )   1 1   ( 2 m
   
 m 4n 2 
1 1 1 1
 ( 4m 2 n 2 )  ( m 4 n 2 )  ( 2m 4 n  3 )
1 1 1 1
2    ( 3)
 2m 4 4n2 2
3
 2m 2 n3
11 Solve the equation 32 x  8(3 x )  9  0 .

解 32 x  8(3 x )  9  0 。
32 x  8(3x )  9  0
(3x ) 2  8(3x )  9  0
(3x  1)(3x  9)  0
3x  1 or 3x  9 (rejected)
∴ x0
12. Solve the equation 2 x  2  2 x 1  2 x 1  40 .

解 2 x  2  2 x 1  2 x 1  40 。
2 x  2  2 x 1  2 x 1  40
2 x 1 (23  22  1)  40
2 x 1 (5)  40
2 x 1  8
2 x 1  23
x 1  3
∴ x4
40
13. Solve the equation 2(5 x 1 )  3(5 x )  5 x 1  34 .

解 2(5 x 1 )  3(5 x )  5 x 1  34 。
2(5 x 1 )  3(5 x )  5 x 1  34
5 x 1 (2  52  3  5  1)  34
5 x 1  1
x 1  0
∴ x 1
14. Solve the equation 4(4 2 x )  17(4 x )  4  0 .

解 4(4 2 x )  17(4 x )  4  0 。
4(42 x )  17(4 x )  4  0
4(4 x ) 2  17(4 x )  4  0
[4(4 x )  1](4 x  4)  0
4 x  41 or 4 x  41
∴ x   1 or 1
5 3 x  2 y  25
15. Solve the simultaneous equations  2 x  y .
3  81
5 3 x  2 y  25
解聯立方程  2 x  y 。
3  81
53 x  2 y  25   (1)
 2x y
3  81   ( 2)
From (1),
53 x  2 y  52
∴ 3x  2 y  2
From (2),
32 x  y  34
∴ 2x  y  4
3x  2 y  2   (3)

2 x  y  4   ( 4 )
2  (4)  (3),
2(2 x  y )  (3x  2 y )  2(4)  2

( 4 x  2 y )  (3x  2 y )  6
x  6
2(6)  y  4
y  8
41
Question Bank
∴ The solution is x = 6, y = 8.
6 x  y  216
16. Solve the simultaneous equations  2 x  y .
10 1
6 x  y  216
解聯立方程  2 x  y 。
10 1
6 x  y  216   (1)
 2x y
10 1   ( 2)
From (1),
6 x  y  63
∴ x y  3
From (2),
102 x  y  1
∴ 2x  y  0
 x  y  3   (3)

2 x  y  0   ( 4 )
(3) + (4),
( x  y )  (2 x  y )  3  0
3x  3
x 1
1 y  3
y  2
 x 3 y 1
2 
17. Solve the simultaneous equations  16 .
4 x  2(8 y )  0

 x 3 y 1
2 
解聯立方程  16 。
4 x  2(8 y )  0

 x 3 y 1
2  ......(1)
 16
4 x  2(8 y )  0 ......(2)

From (1),
2 x  3 y  2 4
∴ x  3 y  4
From (2),
42
2 2 x  2( 2 3 y )
2 2 x  2 3 y 1
2x  3y  1
∴ 2x  3y  1
 x  3 y  4   (3)

2 x  3 y  1   ( 4 )
(3) + (4),
( x  3 y )  ( 2 x  3 y )  4  1
3x  3
x  1
By substituting x = 1 into (3), we have
( 1)  3 y  4
3 y  3
y  1
∴ The solution is x = 1, y = 1.
3 2 x  3 y 1  0
18. Solve the simultaneous equations  x  y .
4(2 )  64
3 2 x  3 y 1  0
解聯立方程  x  y 。
4(2 )  64
32 x  3 y 1  0   (1)
 x y
4(2 )  64   ( 2)
From (1),
32 x  3 y 1
2x  y  1
∴ y  2x  1
From (2),
2 x  y  2  26
x y2  6
∴ x y  4
 y  2 x  1   (3)

 x  y  4   ( 4)
By substituting (3) into (4), we have
x  (2 x  1)  4
3x  1  4
x 1
43
Question Bank
y  2(1)  1
3
 1 
19. Find the value of 3 log 2  log  without using a calculator.
 125 
 1 
試不使用計算機，求 3 log 2  log  的值。
 125 
3 log 2  log
1 
  log 2  log
1 

3
 125   125 
 log 8 
1 

 125 
 log(8  125)
 log1000
 3
1 3
20. Find the value of log 2 27  log 2 12  2 log 2 without using a calculator.
3 4
1 3
試不使用計算機，求 log 2 27  log 2 12  2 log 2 的值。
3 4
1 3
log2 27  log2 12  2 log2
3 4
2
 log2 3 27  log2 12  log2  
3
4

 log2 3  log2 12  log2  
9 
 16 
 
 3  12 
 log2  
 9 
 16 
 log2 64
 log2 2 6
 6
1
log a 3 216  log a 36
21. Find the value of 4 without using a calculator.
1
log a    2 log a 2
9
1
log a 3 216  log a 36
試不使用計算機，求 4 的值。
1
log a    2 log a 2
9
44
1
loga 3 216  loga 36
4
loga    2 loga 2
1
9
loga 6  loga 4 36

loga    loga 4
1
9
1
loga (6  6 2 )

loga  2 
1
6 
3
loga (6 2 )

loga (6  2 )
3
 2
2
3
 
4
 2 log 27  2.5 log 9

1  1 
log18  log   1
2  50 
 2 log 27  2.5 log 9
1  1 
log18  log   1
2  50 
2 log27  2.5 log9
1  1 
log18  log  1

2  50 
5
log(9 2 )  log272

 1 
log( 18 )  log  1

 50 
 35 
log 2 
 27 
  
log( 18 )  log( 50 )  1
1
log 
 3
log(3 2 )  log(5 2 )  1
 log3

log(3  10)  1
 log3

log3  log10  1
 log3

log3
 1
45
Question Bank
1
log x 2 y 3  log x 3 y
23. Simplify 3 , where x > 0, y > 0 and x, y  1.
log 3 x
1
化簡 3 ，其中 x > 0，y > 0，且 x，y  1。
log 3 x
1 1
3 log(x 2 3 3
y )  log x3 y
 1
log3 x
log x 3
2
log(x 3 y )  log x3 y
 1
log x 3
2
3
log(x 3 )
 1
log x 3
7

log(x 3)
 1
log x 3
7
 log x
 3
1
log x
3
 7
 9 3 x 1 
24. Simplify log 3   , where x > 0, y > 0 and x, y  1.
 27 2 x  y 
 
 9 3 x 1 
化簡 log 3   ，其中 x > 0，y > 0，且 x，y  1。
 27 2 x  y 
 
 93 x 1  1
  log  9
3 x 1 
log3   2

 272 x  y
3  272 x  y 
   
1  32(3 x 1) 
 log3  3( 2 x  y ) 
2  3 
1  36 x  2 
 log3  6 x 3 y 
2 3 
 
1
 (2  3 y )
2
46
3 log x 4  6 log y
25. Simplify , where x > 0, y > 0 and x, y  1.
x
2 log   log y 3
 y
3 log x 4  6 log y
化簡，其中 x > 0，y > 0，且 x，y  1。
x
2 log   log y 3
 y
3 log x 4  6log y log x1 2  log y 6


x  x2 
2 log   log y 3 log   log y 3
 y  y2 
 
log( x1 2 y 6 )

log(x 2 y )
log(x 2 y )6

log( x 2 y )
6 log(x 2 y )

log(x 2 y )
6
log xy 3  log xy
26. Simplify , where x > 0, y > 0 and x, y  1.
3
 log xy  log x y
2
log xy 3  log xy
化簡，其中 x > 0，y > 0，且 x，y  1。
3
 log xy  log x y
2
2
1 3
log xy 3  log xy log(x 2 y 2 )  log xy
 3 3
3  
 log xy  log x 2 y log(x 2 y 2 )  log x 2 y
2
 1 3 
 x2 y2 
log 
 xy 
  
3 3
 
log(x 2
y 2
 x 2 y)
1 1

2
log x y2
 1 1

log x 2 y 2
1
 log(xy 1 )
 2
1
log(xy 1 )
2
 1
47
Question Bank
 150 
log15  log 
 10 
 6  52 
 log 
 10 
 
 log 6  log 52  log10
 log 6  2 log 5  1
 2x  y  1
log 6  log 
24
 4 
 log 24  log 4
 y  x
29. Solve the equation log(2 x  1)  log 4  2 .

解 log(2 x  1)  log 4  2 。
log(2 x  1)  log 4  2
log[4(2x  1)]  log100
4(2x  1)  100
2 x  1  25
∴ x  13
 24 
log 3  log 
 4 2 
 log24  log4  log2
1
 log 24  log4  log22
2
3
 log24  log4
2
3
 y x
2
已知 log 5 = x 及 log 6 = y，試以 x 和 y 表示 log 288 。
48
1
log 288  log 288
2
1
 log(62  23 )
2
1  62  103 
 log
2  53 
1
 (log 62  log103  log 53 )
2
1
 ( 2 log 6  3 log10  3 log 5)
2
1
 (2 y  3  3 x)
2
32. Solve the equation log 2 (3x  2)  3 log 2 4  3 .

解 log 2 (3x  2)  3 log 2 4  3 。
log2 (3x  2)  3 log2 4  3
log2 (3x  2)  log2 43  3
 3x  2  1
log2    log2  
 64  8
3x  2 1

64 8
∴ x2
33. Solve the equation [log3 (4 x  3)]2  3 log3 (4 x  3)  4  0 .

解 [log3 (4 x  3)]2  3 log3 (4 x  3)  4  0 。
[log3 (4 x  3)]2  3 log3 (4 x  3)  4  0
[log3 (4 x  3)  1][log3 (4 x  3)  4]  0
log3 (4 x  3)  1 or log3 (4 x  3)  4
1
4x  3  or 4 x  3  81
3
5
∴ x or x  21
6
2
34 Solve the equation log( x  1)  log( x  4)  log(10 10 ) .
3
2
解 log( x  1)  log( x  4)  log(10 10 ) 。
3
49
Question Bank
2
log(x  1)  log(x  4)  log(10 10 )
3
3
2
log[(x  1)(x  4)]  log(102 )
3
log[(x  1)( x  4)]  1
( x  1)( x  4)  10
x2  5x  6  0
( x  1)( x  6)  0
x  1 or x  6 (rejected)
∴ x 1
x  2 y  8
35. Solve the simultaneous equations  .
log x  2 log y  1
x  2 y  8
解聯立方程  。
log x  2 log y  1
x  2 y  8   (1)

log x  2 log y  1   ( 2)
From (2),
log x  log y 2  1
log x  log(10y 2 )
x  10 y 2 ……(3)
(10 y 2 )  2 y  8
5y2  y  4
5y2  y  4  0
(5 y  4)( y  1)  0
4
y  or y  1 (rejected)
5
4
By substituting y  into (1), we have
5
x  2   8
4
5
32
x 
5
32 4
∴ The solution is x  ,y  .
5 5

7
3x y
1

log(2 x  y )  2 log 8  1
3

7
3x y
1

log(2 x  y )  2 log 8  1
3
50

7
3x y
1   (1)

   ( 2)
log(2x  y )  2 log 8  1
3
From (1),
3x  y  0
∴ y  3x
From (2),
log(2 x  y )  2 log 2  1
 2x  y 
log  1
 4 
2x  y
 10
4
∴ 2 x  y  40
 y  3x   (3)

 2 x  y  40   ( 4)
2 x  3x  40
5 x  40
x  8
y  3(8)
 24
log( x  y )  0


 2 log 4 x  log 4 y  1  log 4 3
log( x  y )  0


2 log 4 x  log 4 y  1  log 4 3
log(x  y )  0
   (1)


2 log4 x  log4 y  1  log4 3   ( 2)
From (1),
x y 1
x 1 y
From (2),
log4 x  log4 y  1  log4 3

log4 ( xy)  log4 4  log4 3
log4 ( xy)  log4 (4  3)
51
Question Bank
∴ xy  12
x  1  y   (3)

 xy  12   ( 4)
(1  y ) y  12
y  y  12  0
2
( y  3)( y  4)  0
y  3 or y  4 (rejected)
By substituting y = 3 into (3), we have
x  1  (3)
 4
 6 x
3(9 )  3
2 y 1
0

log 3 xy  2  3 log 3 y
4
 6 x
3(9 )  3
2 y 1
0

log 3 xy  2  3 log 3 y
4
 6 x
3(9 )  3
2 y 1
0   (1)

  ( 2)
log3 xy  2  3 log3 y
 4
From (1),
3(96  x )  32 y 1
3[32(6  x ) ]  32 y 1
313 2 x  32 y 1
13  2 x  2 y  1
∴ y 6 x
From (2),
log3 xy 4  log3 y 3  2
 xy 
4
log3  3   log3 9
 y 
xy  9
y  6  x   (3)

 xy  9   ( 4)
52
x (6  x )  9
x  6x  9  0
2
( x  3) 2  0
x  3
y  6  (3)
 3
39. The sound intensity level of a busy road is 80 dB. During traffic jam, the sound intensity of traffic on
the road is reduced to 0.1% of the original. Find the sound intensity level of the road during traffic
jam.
一條繁忙的街道的路面噪音的聲強級是 80 dB。當交通擠塞時，路面所產生的聲強比平時減少
0.1%。求交通擠塞時該條街道的路面噪音的聲強級。
Let I be the sound intensity before traffic jam, then the sound intensity during traffic jam is I × 103.
∵ The sound intensity level before traffic jam is
80 dB.
80  10 log 
I
∴
 I0 
Let  dB be the sound intensity level of the road during traffic jam.
I  103 
∴   10 log 
 I0 
 I   I  103 
80    10 log   10 log 
 I 
 I0   0 
  I   I  103 
80    10log   log 
  I 0   I 
 0 
80    10 log(103 )
80    10  3
  50
∴ The sound intensity level of the road during traffic jam is 50 dB.
40. The sound intensity level in a gathering is 45 dB. After playing music, the sound intensity doubles.
What is the sound intensity level after playing music?
一次聚會開始時所產生的聲強級是 45 dB。當音樂播放後，聲強高了一倍。求播放音樂後所產
生的聲強級。
Let I be the sound intensity before playing music, then the sound intensity after playing music is 2I.
53
Question Bank
∵ The sound intensity level before playing music is
45 dB.
45  10 log 
I
∴
 I0 
Let  dB be the sound intensity level after playing music.
  10 log
2I 
∴ 
 I0 
  45  10 log
2I   I 
  10 log I 
 I0   0
10 log   log 

  2I   I
  45    I 0   I 0 
  45  10 log 2
  45  10 log 2
∴ The sound intensity level after playing music is
48.0 dB.
1
41. If the strength of an earthquake is times to that measured 8.8 on the Richter scale, what is the
5
magnitude of the required earthquake on the Richter scale?
1
若一地震的強度是黎克特制 8.8 級的倍，那麼該地震的強度相等於黎克特制多少級呢？
5
Let E be the relative energy released by the earthquake measured 8.8 on the Richter scale.
Let R be the magnitude of the required earthquake on the Richter scale.
R  log E 
1
5 
 log   log E
1
5
 log   8.8
1
5
∴ The magnitude of the required earthquake is 8.10 on the Richter scale.
42 If the sound intensity in a construction site is increased by 10%, what is the increase of the
corresponding sound intensity level?
若一個建築工程地盤的聲強增加 10%，則相應的聲強級會增加多少？
Let I be the initial sound intensity, then the sound intensity after the increase is 1.1I.
54
∴ The increase in the corresponding sound intensity level
  1.1I   I 
 10 log   10 log  dB
 I 
  I0   0 
   1.1I   I  
 10log   log   dB
 I 
   I 0   0  
 (10 log1.1) dB
 0.414 dB (cor. to 3 sig.fig.)
43. If the strength of an earthquake is 10 times to that measured 4.3 on the Richter scale, what is the
magnitude of the required earthquake on the Richter scale?
若一地震的強度是黎克特制 4.3 級的 10 倍，那麼該地震的強度相等於黎克特制多少級呢？
Let E be the relative energy released by the earthquake measured 4.3 on the Richter scale.
∴ 4.3 = log E
Let R be the magnitude of the required earthquake on the Richter scale.

∴ R  log(10E )
 log10  log E
 1  4.3
 5.3
∴ The magnitude of the required earthquake is 5.3 on the Richter scale.
55
Question Bank
Level 2+ Questions
程度 2+ 題目
1 (a) It is given that f(x) = x4  5x3 + 20x  16.

已知 f(x) = x4  5x3 + 20x  16。
(i) Find the values of f(4), f(6) and f(10).
求 f(4)、f(6) 和 f(10) 的值。
(ii) Hence, factorize f(x) completely.
由此，因式分解 f(x)。
(b) Given that log 2 = a and log 3 = b. By using the above results, express the following in terms of
a and b.
已知 log 2 = a 及 log 3 = b。試利用以上的結果，以 a 和 b 表示下列各對數的值。
(i) log 3200 (ii) log 518.4
(a) (i) f (4)  4  5(4)  20(4)  16
4 3
 256  320  80  16
0
f (6)  6 4  5(6) 3  20(6)  16
 1296 1080 120  16
 320
f (10)  104  5(10) 3  20(10)  16
 10 000  5000 200  16
 5184
(ii) ∵ From (a)(i), we have f(4) = 0.

∴ x – 4 is a factor of f(x).
By long division,
x 4  5 x 3  20x  16
 ( x  4)( x 3  x 2  4 x  4)
 ( x  4)[ x 2 ( x  1)  4( x  1)]
 ( x  4)( x  1)( x 2  2 2 )
 ( x  4)( x  1)( x  2)( x  2)
∴ f ( x)  ( x  4)( x  1)( x  2)( x  2)
(b) (i) log 3200  log (32010)

 log 320  1
 log[(6  4)(6  1)(6  2)(6  2)]  1
 log (2  5  2 3  2 2 )  1
 l o g( 1 0 2 5 )  1
 l o g2 5  2
 5 l o g2  2
 5a  2
56
 5184
(ii) log 518.4  log  
 10 
 log 5184 1
 log[(10  4)(10  1)(10  2)
(10  2)]  1
 log (6  9  12  8)  1
 log[(2  3)  32  (2 2  3)  2 3 ]  1
 log (2 6  34 )  1
 log 2 6  log 34  1
 6 log 2  4 log 3  1
 6a  4b  1
xy log 2 x log 2 y log 2 z

2 Given that  32 . If    k , find
z 1 2 2
xy log 2 x log 2 y log 2 z
已知  32 。若    k ，求
z 1 2 2
(a) the value of k,
k 的值；
(b) the values of x, y and z.
x、y 和 z 的值。
log2 x log2 y log2 z
(a) ∵   k
1 2 2
∴ log2x = k  (1)
log2y = 2k  (2)
log2z = 2k  (3)
xy
∵  32
z
 xy 
∴ log2    log2 32
 z 
log2 x  log2 y  log2 z  5  (4)
By substituting (1), (2) and (3) into (4), we have
k  2k  ( 2k )  5
5k  5
k 1
(b) ∵ log2 x  1
∴ x2
∵ log2 y  2
∴ y4
∵ log2 z  2
57
Question Bank
1
∴ z
4
log 2 a log 2 x log 2 b

3. (a) Given that the equation   0 , where a  1 and b  1.
log 2
x log 2 x 2
2
log 2 a log 2 x log 2 b

已知方程  2
 0 ，其中 a  1 及 b  1。
x log x
log 2 2
2
(i) Set up a quadratic equation in log 2 x .
建立一個以 log2 x 為變數的二次方程。
(ii) If the equation has a double real root, express b in terms of a.
若該方程有一個二重實根，試以 a 表示 b。
log 2 x 4
(b) Hence, solve  0.
x log 2 x 2
2 log 2
2
log 2 x 4
由此，解  0。
x log 2 x 2
2 log 2
2
l o 2ga l o 2gx l o 2gb
(a) (i)  0
l o 2g
x l o 2gx 2
2
 0
l o 2gx  1 2 l o 2gx

l o 2gx  1 2 l o 2gx
2 l o 2ga (l o 2gx) 2  l o 2gb l o 2gx  l o 2gb
∴ 2 log2a (log2 x)2 – log2 b log2x + log2 b = 0
 (1)
(ii) ∵ (1) has a double real root.

∴ =0
(log2 b)  4(2 log2 a)(log2 b)  0
2
log2 b(log2 b  log2 a 8 )  0

log2 b  log2 a 8  0
b
log2 0
a8
b
1
a8
∴ b  a8
log2 x 4
(b)  0
x log2 x 2
2 log2
2
log2 2 log2 x log2 2 4
 0
log2
x log2 x 2
2
58
 1  1
4. Given that a  log1   and b  log1   .
 9  81 
 1  1
已知 a  log1   及 b  log1   。
 9  81 
(a) Show that 3 log 2  2 log 3  a  4 log 3  1  b .
證明 3 log 2  2 log 3  a  4 log 3  1  b 。
(b) Express the following in terms of a and b.
試以 a 和 b 表示下列各題。
(i) log 3 (ii) log 2 (iii) log 72
 1
(a) ∵ a  log1  
 9
8
 log 
9
 log 8  log 9
 log 2 3  log 32
 3 log 2  2 log 3
∴ 3 log 2 = 2 log 3 + a
 1
∵ b  log 1  
 81 
 80 
 log  
 81 
 log (8  10)  log 81
 log 2 3  log10  log 34
 3 log 2  1  4 log 3
∴ 3 log 2 = 4 log 3  1 + b
∴ 3 log 2 = 2 log 3 + a = 4 log 3  1 + b
(b) (i) ∵ 3 log 2 = 2 log 3 + a = 4 log 3  1 + b
∴ 2 log 3  a  4 log 3  1  b
a  b  1  2 log 3
a  b 1
∴ log3 
2
a  b 1
(ii) By substituting log 3 = into
2
3 log 2 = 2 log 3 + a, we have
 a  b 1 
3 log 2  2 a
 2 
3 log 2  2a  b  1
59
Question Bank
2a  b  1
∴ log2 
3
(iii) log 72  log (23  32 )

 3 log 2  2 log 3
 2a  b  1   a  b  1 
 3   2 
 3   2 
 (2a  b  1)  (a  b  1)
 3a  2b  2
5. Solve the following simultaneous equations.

解下列各聯立方程。
3 x  4 y  43  x y
5  0.0016
(a)  x 1 (b) 
3  2  41 log 3 (6 x  33)  2  2 log
2 y 1
 3
y

3  4  43
x y
 (1)
(a)  x 1 2 y 1

3  2  41  (2)
From (1),
3  3x1  4 y  43  (3)
From (2),
3 x 1  2  2 2 y  41
3 x 1  2  4 y  41  (4)
3  (4)  (3),
3(3 x 1  2  4 y )  (3  3 x 1  4 y )  3  41  43
5  4 y  80
4 y  16
4 y  42
y2
3 x  4 2  43
3 x  27
3 x  33
x3
 x y
5  0.0016  (1)
(b) 
log ( 6 x  33)  2  2 log y  (2)
 3 3
From (1),
60
1
5 x y 
625
5 x y  5 4
x  y  4
From (2),
log 3 3(2 x  11)  2  2 log 3 y
log 3 ( 3 ) 2  log 3 (2 x  11)  2  log 3 y 2
log 3 (2 x  11)  log 3 y 2
2 x  11  y 2
 x  y  4  (3)

2 x  11  y
2
 (4)
From (3),
x=y4  (5)
2( y  4)  11  y 2
2y  3  y2
y  2y  3  0
2
( y  3)( y  1)  0
y=3 or y = 1 (rejected)
x  34
 1
∴ The solution is x = 1, y = 3.
1
6. (a) Let Tn  x n  , where n is a positive integer. Prove that Tn  Tn1  T1  Tn2 for n  3 .
xn
1
設 Tn  x n  ，其中 n 是一個正整數。證明當 n  3 時， Tn  Tn1  T1  Tn2 。
xn
(b) Given that T1  4 . Hence, or otherwise, find the values of T2 , T3 and T4 .
已知 T1  4 。由此，或用其他方法，求 T2、T3 及 T4 的值。
(a) R.H.S  Tn1  T1  Tn2
 1   1  1 
  x n1  n1    x1  1    x n2  n2 
 x   x   x 
 1 1   1 
  x n  n2  x n2  n    x n2  n2 
 x x   x 
1
 xn  n
x
 Tn
 L.H.S.
61
Question Bank
∴ Tn  Tn1  T1  Tn2 for n  3
1
(b) T2  x 2 
x2
2
 1 1
  x    2x 
 x x
 (T1 ) 2  2
 ( 4) 2  2
 14
T3  T2  T1  T1
 14  4  4
 52
T4  T3  T1  T2
 52  4  14
 194
 x
7 Solve 9 x  1 4 x  1    x  1  8 .
 9 
 x
解 9 x  1 4 x  1    x  1  8 。
 9 
 x
9 x  1 4 x  1    x  1  8
 9
1
 1
x
1
9( x  1) 2 ( x  1) 4    ( x  1) 2  8
 9 
3 1 1
9( x  1) 4  x( x  1) 2  ( x  1) 2  8
1 3
( x  1)( x  1) 2  9( x  1) 4  8  0
3 3
( x  1) 2  9( x  1) 4  8  0
3 3
[( x  1) 4 ]2  9( x  1) 4  8  0
3 3
[( x  1) 4  1] [( x  1) 4  8]  0
3 3
( x  1) 4  1 or ( x  1) 4  8
(4 x  1) 3  1 or ( 4 x  1 )3  8
4
x 1  1 or 4
x 1  2
x 1  1 4
or x  1  24
x0 or x  15
62
8. The figure shows the graphs of y  2 x , y  x 2 and y  mx  k . A(a, 8) lies on the graph of y  2 x .
The three graphs intersect at B and C respectively.
下圖所示為 y = 2x，y = x2 及 y = mx + k 的圖像。A(a, 8) 位於 y = 2x 的圖像上。該三個圖像分
別相交於 B 和 C。
(a) (i) Find the coordinates of A, B and C.

求 A、B 和 C 的坐標。
(ii) Find the values of m and k.
求 m 和 k 的值。
(b) Solve x 2  6 x  8  0 graphically.
利用圖解法解 x 2  6 x  8  0 。
(c) For 0  x  4.2, find the range of possible values of x that satisfies x2  2x.
對於 0  x  4.2，求 x 值的可能範圍，使 x2  2x。
(a) (i) ∵ The graph of y = 2x passes through A(a, 8).
∴ 8  2a
2 a  23
a3
∴ The coordinates of A = (3, 8)
Consider y = 2x.
When x = 2, y = 22 = 4
When x = 4, y = 24 = 16
Consider y = x2.
When x = 2, y = 22 = 4
When x = 4, y = 42 = 16
∴ The graphs of y = 2x and y = x2 intersect at (2, 4) and (4, 16).
∵ For 0  x  3, the graphs of y = 2x and
y = x2 intersect at B only.
∴ The coordinates of B = (2, 4)
∵ For 3 < x  4.2, the graphs of y = 2x and
y = x2 intersect at C only.
63
Question Bank
∴ The coordinates of C = (4, 16)
(ii) ∵ The graph of y = mx + k passes through B(2, 4) and C(4, 16).

∴ By substituting (2, 4) into y = mx + k, we have
4 = 2m + k  (1)
By substituting (4, 16) into y = mx + k, we have
16 = 4m + k  (2)
(2) (1), 12  2m
∴ m6
By substituting m = 6 into (1), we have
4  2(6)  k
∴ k  8
(b) x 2  6x  8  0
x 2  6x  8
From the graphs, the solution of x 2  6 x  8 is 2  x  4 .
∴ The solution of x 2  6 x  8  0 is 2  x  4 .
(c) From the graphs, the required range is 2  x  4 .
64
Multiple Choice Questions

多項選擇題
1. ( x 3n ) 2  3 3 5
a 2 ( 6 a )5 a2 a6

A. x 6n 3
a2 
2
a 3
B. x 9n 3 5  2
   
6  3
2
 a2
C. x 6n  a3
2
D. x 9n
A (a 4 b 2 ) 3
4. 
( x 3n ) 2  x 3 n  2 a 2 b
 x 6n
a 10
A.
b7
a 10
2 x 16
 B.
b5
A. 1 a 14
C.
B. x b7
C. x2 a 14
D.
D. x4 b5
B C
1
4
( a 4 b 2 ) 3 a 43b 23
16 
2

x 16
 x 2 a b a  2b
x a12b  6

a  2b
 a12 ( 2)b  6 1
3  a14b  7
2 6 5
a ( a) a14
3.  
3 2
a b7
A. a3 5. Solve 16 x  3(4 x )  4  0 .
5 解 16 x  3(4 x )  4  0 。
6
B. a A. x=1
C. a3 1
6
B. x=0 or
D. a 4
C C. x=0 or 1
1
D. x= or 1
4
A
65
Question Bank
3x  36  3x 1
16x  3(4 x )  4  0
(4 2 ) x  3(4 x )  4  0 3x  3x 1  36
(4 x ) 2  3(4 x )  4  0 3x 1 (3  1)  36
(4 x  4)(4 x  1)  0 3 x 1 (4)  36
3x 1  9
x
4 =4 or 4 = 1 (rejected)
x
3x 1  32
4 x  41 x 1  2
x 1 ∴ x3
6. If 4(8 x 1 )  3 2 x 2 , then x 
 x2 y 1
5 
8. Solve  25 .
若 4(8 x 1 )  3 2 x 2 ，則 x  2 x 3  5 32 (4 y )

A. 8.  x2 y 1
5 
5 解聯立方程  25 。
B.  . 2  32 (4 y )
x  3 5
8 
1 A. x  2, y  0
C. .
8 1
B. x  1, y  
D. 5. 2
C 3
C. x  1, y  
2
4(8 x 1 )  2 x  2
3
x2 D. x  2, y  2
2 2 [ 23( x 1) ]  2 3
C
x2
3 x 1
2 2 3  x 2 y 1
5   (1)
x2  25
3x  1 
3 2 x 3  5 32 (4 y )  (2)

9x  3  x  2
8x  1 From (1),
∴ x
1 5 x  2 y  5 2
8 ∴ x  2 y  2
From (2),
7. If 3 x  36  3 x 1 , then x  2 x  3  2( 2 2 y )
若 3  36  3
x x 1
，則 x  2 x 3  2 2 y 1
A. 1. x  3  2 y 1
∴ x  2y  4
B. 2.
C. 3. Consider the simultaneous equations:
D. 4.  x  2 y  2  (3)

C  x  2 y  4  (4)
(3) + (4),
2x  2
x 1
66
By substituting x = 1 into (3), we have log a  2 log b

11 
1  2 y  2 log(ab)  log a
2 y  3
A. log(b a )
3
y
2 B. b a
3 C. 2
∴ The solution is x  1, y   .
2
1
D.
2
9. log 2 2
64  C
A. 1 log a  2 log b log a  log b 2


log (ab)  log a log (ab)  log a
B. 2
log (ab2 )
C. 4 
 ab 
log  

D. 8  a
2
log (ab )
C 
log ( a b)
log2 2
64  log 8 ( 8 )4 log ( a b) 2

4 log ( a b)
2 log ( a b)

log a b
2
5
12. If 3  10a and 4  10b , then log 
6
5
若 3  10a 及 4  10b ，則 log 
6
10. If log b  2 log a  1 , then b = A. 1 a  b .
若 log b  2 log a  1 ，則 b = B. 1 a  b .
A. 10a . 2
C. 1 a  b .
B. 10 + a . 2
D. 1 a  b .
C. 10 + 2a. C
D. 1 + 2a. 3 = 10a and 4 = 10b
A ∴ log 3 = a and log 4 = b
log b  2 log a  1 5  5 2 
log  log  
log b  1  2 log a 6  6 2 
log b  log10  log a 2  10 
 log  
 3 4 
log b  log (10a 2 )  log10  log 3  log 4
 1 a  b
∴ b  10a 2
13. Solve log 2 ( x  1)  2  log 2 ( x  2) .

解 log 2 ( x  1)  2  log 2 ( x  2) 。
67
Question Bank
A. x=2 1
D.
B. x=3 9k 2
C. x =  3 or 2 A
D. x =  2 or 3 log 3 x  k
A 1
log ( x 3 )  k
log2 ( x  1)  2  log2 ( x  2)
1
log2 ( x  1)  log2 ( x  2)  2 log x  k
3
log2 [( x  1)( x  2)]  log2 4 ∴ log x  3k
( x  1)( x  2)  4
 1 
x2  x  6  0 log    log ( x  2 )
( x  2)( x  3)  0  x2 
 2 log x
x= 2 or x = 3 (rejected)
 2(3k )
  6k
14. If 9 x  12 , then x =
若 9 x  12 ，則 x = 16. Solve 2(log x) 2  log x 3  2  0 .
log 4 解 2(log x) 2  log x 3  2  0 。
A. .
log 3 1
A. x or 100
4 10
B. log .
3 1
B. x or 10
log12 100
C. .
log 9 C. x   10 or 100
1 D. x  10 or  100
D. log12 .
9 A
C 2(log x ) 2  log x 3  2  0
9 x  12 2(log x ) 2  3 log x  2  0
( 2 log x  1)(log x  2)  0
log (9 x )  log12
x log 9  log12
1
log x   or log x  2
log12 2
∴ x
log 9 1
x or x  100
10
 1 
15. If log 3 x  k , then log 2  
x  3 x 1 2 x  2(6 y )
17. Solve  .
 1  log 3 ( x  2)  log 3 y  1  0
若 log 3 x  k ，則 log 2  
x  3 x 1 2 x  2(6 y )
解  。
A.  6k log 3 ( x  2)  log 3 y  1  0
B.  9k 2 3 5
A. x ,y
1 2 2
C.
6k 3 5
B. x ,y
2 2
68
5 3 A.
C. x ,y
2 2
5 3
D. x ,y
2 2
17. C
 x 1 x
3 2  2(6 )
y
 (1)


log3 ( x  2)  log3 y  1  0  (2) B.
From (1),
(3x 12 x 1)2  2(6 y )

6 x 1  6 y
∴ x 1  y  (3)
From (2),
log3 ( x  2)  log3 y  1
 x2 1
log3    log3  
 y  3
x2 1 C.

y 3
3x  6  y  (4)
(4)  (3),
(3x  6)  ( x  1)  0
2x  5  0
x
5 D.
2
5
By substituting x  into (3), we have
2
5
1  y
2
3
y
2 A
5 3 Consider y = 2x.
∴ The solution is x  , y .
2 2
When x = 0,
y  20
18. Which of the following may represent the 1
graph of y  2x ? When x = 2,
下列何者能代表 y2 x
的圖像？
y  22
4
1
69
Question Bank
19. Which of the following MUST not be a graph

of y  log a x , where a > 0 and a  1?
下列何者不可能是 y  log a x 的圖像？
（其中 a > 0 及 a  1。）
I.
A. y  log2 x
B. y  log0.5 x
C. y  2x
x
II. 1
D. y 
2
B
The graph passes through (1, 0).

∴ The graph may represent the graph of y = loga x,
where 0 < a < 1.
III.
A. II only 只有 II
B. III only 只有 III
C. I and II only 只有 I 及 II
D. II and III only 只有 II 及 III
B
Consider y = loga x.
∵ x  ay
0
∴ III must not be the required graph.
If a > 1, I may represent the required graph.
If 0 < a < 1, II may represent the required graph.
20. Which of the following functions is

represented by the graph shown below?
下列哪一個函數可由以下圖像所代表？
70
71

Exponential and Logarithmic Function (A)

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Exponential and Logarithmic Function (A)

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Exponential and Logarithmic Functions

1. Express each of the following in the form x p , where p is a rational number.

3. Find the values of

(b) ∵ (3)  (3)  (3)  27

5. Find the values of

6. Find the values of

10. Solve the following simultaneous equations:

By substituting x = 2 into (3), we have

11. Solve 2 2 x1  3(2 x )  1  0 .

Let y  2 x , the equation becomes

(b) ∵ 0.000 1 = 10–4

(b) log1800  log(2  32 102 )

20. Solve (log x) 2  log x  6  0 .

22. Solve the following logarithmic equations.

(b) log(x  6)  log(x  8)  log2

By the definition of sound intensity level, we have

(22 )2 x  (26 ) x 1  (23 )3 x

2. Find the value of k 9  k 9 .

3. Find the value of (3 2 ) 3 .

4. Find the value of 23  2 2 .

5. Find the value of 4 6  4 3 .

9. Find the value of (32  30 ) 1 .

11. Simplify and express a 7  a 2  a 5 .

12. Simplify and express (4a 3 ) 2 with positive indices.

13. Simplify and express b 4  b 8 with positive indices.

14. Simplify and express (3m 2 n) 0 (2m 2 n) 5 with positive indices.

16. Simplify and express (a 2 b 1 ) 3 with positive indices.

8. Find the value of 2564 .

10. Express (3 x ) 6 in the form xp, where p is a rational number.

25. Solve the equation 3 x 3  3(3 x )  72 .

26. Solve the equation 9 4  27 3 .

28. Solve the equation 9 3 x  81(3 x ) .

29. Solve the equation 2 2 x  4  4 x 1  126 .

30. Solve the equation 35 x  27(9 x ) .

31. Find the value of log 1000 without using a calculator.

33. Find the value of log 0.000 1 without using a calculator.

35. Find the value of log 2 128 without using a calculator.

36. Find the value of log5 0.008 without using a calculator.

log5 0.008  log5 

x = 1.93 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

45. Find the value of log 4 2  log 4 32 without using a calculator.

57. Solve the equation log 4 (5x  1)  1 .

58. Solve the equation log (3x  2) = 2.

59. Solve the equation log 2 ( x  1)  5 .

60. Solve the equation log7 (4 x  5)  0 .

By the definition of sound intensity level, we have

∴ The sound intensity produced by piledriver B is

3.98 times to that of piledriver A.

By the definition of sound intensity level, we have

6.5  log E1 and 7.2  log E2

i.e. E1  106.5 and E2  107.2

By the definition of sound intensity level, we have

10log 2   log 1 

By the definition of the Richter scale, we have

7  log E1 and 4  log E2

i.e. E1  107 and E2  104

4  2  3   2   ( 2 ) 2  ( 1)  25

11 Solve the equation 32 x  8(3 x )  9  0 .

12. Solve the equation 2 x  2  2 x 1  2 x 1  40 .

13. Solve the equation 2(5 x 1 )  3(5 x )  5 x 1  34 .

14. Solve the equation 4(4 2 x )  17(4 x )  4  0 .

Consider the simultaneous equations:

2(2 x  y )  (3x  2 y )  2(4)  2