Centre for Fuel Studies and Research

International Experience- Algae Biofuels Gujarat Working Group Meeting 7th August 2013 By K. N. Naik

K. N. Naik, CFSR

Let us Exploit what we have in plenty

Gujarat Has plenty of Sunshine Brackish water CO2 Arid Land and Building facades Which are the only resources required for algae based biofuels production There are 2 quintillion tons of atmospheric CO2, 343 sextillion gallons of seawater, and 173 million gigawatts of solar energy (per year).

K. N. Naik, CFSR

Algae a versatile resource

Apart from biofuel possibilities to co-produce value added products like carbohydrates, natural dyes and pigments, antioxidants and other bio-active compounds which can all be used in various processes ranging from the industrial, cosmetics to pharmaceutical sectors.

K. N. Naik, CFSR

Big Names Are all there

Exxon-Synthetic Genomics $600 million collaborative for green crude development

Algenol-Dow for bioproducts

BP-Martek for algae fermentation Shell-HR Biopetroleum development for hybrid PBR-pond

Chevron-Solazyme for green crude and drop-in fuels and

Dupont-BAL for biobutanol from seaweed. A Credit Suisse report revealed that Reliance has invested a total of $116 million (Rs6.2 billion)in algae to fuel companies $93.5 million (Rs5.0 billion) in Algenol and 22.5 million (Rs1.2 billion) in Aurora Algae

K. N. Naik, CFSR

The Sahara Forest Project Qatar

The Sahara Forest Project is all about taking what we have enough of, like saltwater, CO2, sunlight, and deserts, to produce what we need more of: sustainably produced food, water, and energy.

K. N. Naik, CFSR

The Sahara Forest Project Qatar

An oasis of green technologies: 1. Concentrated Solar Power; 2. Saltwater greenhouses; 3. Outside vegetation and evaporative hedges; 4. Photovoltaic Solar Power; 5. Salt production; 6. Halophytes; 7. Algae production

K. N. Naik, CFSR

OriginOil

Proprietary Algae Screen process it relies on an electromagnetic pulse. The salvo is powerful enough to kill off bacteria as well as rotifers and ciliates (these are other kinds of microscopic organisms. The breakthrough consists in using Algae Screen during the harvesting process as well as during the growth period. OriginOil has proven a system called Single Step Extraction that is chemical-free, low-energy, high-flow and low-cost. No other process can meet all these requirements. And Single Step Extraction does more than dewater: it can rupture tough algae cell walls (a process called lysing) to free up oils and other valuable cellular components that downstream processes can separate out.
K. N. Naik, CFSR 7

OriginOil- Algae on a Building Doing Double Duty

OriginOil and Ennesys unveiled this pilot project at a complex which has 37.7 million sq ft of office space fusing two essential functions : energy generation and wastewater clean-up. This system takes wastewater from the building. This water is then used to grow algae, which is nourished by wastewater. The Algae Appliance invented by OriginOil scientists, produces clean water (Grey) and algae to produce methane, which is then used to power the building. Importantly, the flat panel bioreactors (where the algae grows) can be used on vertical surfaces, so skyscrapers are a huge area of opportunity for this type of energy production.
K. N. Naik, CFSR 8

OriginOil- Algae for Treatment of Frack water for Recycling

OriginOil's algae harvesting process was able to remove 98% of hydrocarbons from a sample of West Texas oil well 'frac flowback' water in the first stage alone.

K. N. Naik, CFSR

Algae.Tec Ltd.

The Algae.Tec enclosed modular technology captures carbon dioxide waste from power stations and manufacturing facilities, which feeds into the algae growth system. In Texas, Algae.Tec is working with a large power group to reduce its emissions, while in Brazil its looking to team up with a food manufacturer. The Algae.Tec algae photoreactors take a carbon dioxide feed from the ethanol fermenters in Australia into the algae growth system. The facility is being built in Sri Lanka with the local subsidiary of industrial giant Holcim where initial 250 modules should produce approximately 31 million litres of oil for biodiesel production and 31000 tonnes of biomass per year, whilst capturing 125,000 tonnes of CO2.
K. N. Naik, CFSR 10

Aurora Algae

Algae-based biomass production facility at a pilot demonstration site in Western Australia- Cultivating a genetically-enhanced strain of common algae in six 1-acre saltwater ponds, Aurora is consistently producing between 12-15 metric tons of algal biomass per month. Aurora is actually using carbon dioxide (CO2) as a feedstock to promote algal growth. The demonstration algae biomass production facility yields essential protein and Omega-3 fatty acids for food products, nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, and aquaculture, as well as fertilizer and biodiesel fuel. Aurora Algae announced Companys commercial facility in Western Australia having just secured over 1,500 acres of land near its demonstration facility
K. N. Naik, CFSR 11

Sapphire Energy Inc.

Green Crude Farm, the first commercial demonstration algae-to-energy plant, has begun operations. Upon completion of the facility, it will generate roughly 1.5 million gallons of crude and use 300 acres of algae ponds and processing units. Sapphire is now conducting all united operations, including cultivation, harvest and extraction in a continuous process By the end of 2014, the Green Crude Farm will produce 100 barrels of Green Crude per day. The commercial demonstration project is expected to prove commercial techno-economics, and Sapphires commercial scale Green Crude facility

K. N. Naik, CFSR

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Algenol

In Florida, the company confirmed that it had exceeded production rates 9,000 gallons of ethanol per acre per year After completing major construction activities at their integrated pilot scale biorefinery in 2012, it has fully shifted focus to demonstrating the commercial viability of Direct to Ethanol technology at its pilot facility and identifying sites for commercial projects to begin in 2014. The patented Direct to Ethanol technology enables the production of ethanol for around $1.00 per gallon using sunlight, carbon dioxide and saltwater. One tonne of carbon dioxide (CO2) is converted into 160 gallons of ethanol, and 2 gallons of fresh water are produced for each gallon of ethanol in the Direct to Ethanol process.
K. N. Naik, CFSR 13

Aquaflow

Aquaflow announced that it will be working with UOP on a project to demonstrate technology that captures carbon dioxide and cultivates algae for use in biofuels and energy production. Aquaflow has been harvesting wild algae from a municipal waste water site in Blenheim, New Zealand for over 5 years. Their algae Harvester unit processes 35m3 of algae laden water per hour Aquaflow made its first substantial operating revenue in the year ended March 2011, bringing in $122,669 after expenses for its algae harvesting projects in the US and New Zealand.

K. N. Naik, CFSR

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Photon8 Inc.

Announced that it has succeeded in producing drop-in fuel components from its genetically improved algae. The process is simpler than those who propose producing green crude and sending it through an oil refinery hydrotreating system. We have already achieved the productivity of 5600 gal/acre/year, and most importantly, within our confines of under $10/m2, leading to a cost of jet fuel components of less than $1.50/gallon. Solventless Extraction and Exact Replicate conversion processes provide fuels that are the same as fossil fuels (no mixing required).

K. N. Naik, CFSR

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Joule Unlimited

has just completed build-out of its SunSprings demonstration in Texas. Joules microorganisms go directly to diesel molecule production rather than using a secondary process. a small-scale unit which can be replicated almost infinitely, which provides a medium for an engineered microbe to fix CO2, and draw in brackish water and other nutrients, use those ingredients to overproduce a target fuel or chemical, sweat the fuel which is then separated from the growth media, and delivered through a channel where it is collected for distribution. In the Joule universe, you milk the organism, rather than slaughter it. Joule makes cows, rather than bulls for the beef market.
K. N. Naik, CFSR 16

Odyssey Oil & Energy, Inc.

Algae Bio-fuels / Carbon Capture pilot plant at the Boschoek smelter is running and has successfully completed a variety of tests. The Algae is growing rapidly and being harvested on a regular basis thereby meeting the goals of carbon capture and creating lipids to be converted into bio-fuel. The current phase is the growing of a selected algae strain in photo bio-reactors, utilizing the carbon dioxide (CO2) flue gas coming from the exhausts of the generators

K. N. Naik, CFSR

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Solazyme

Solazyme has developed a way to use up to 75% percent of dry algae as oil. This process requires the algae to grow in a dark fermentation vessel and be

fed by carbon substrates within their growth media.

Oil refineries can then take this algal oil and turn it into biodiesel, renewable diesel or jet fuels. Maersk Line and the US Navy, placed 30 tons of Soladiesel (RD) algae fuel into the 98,000-tonne, 300-meter container ship Maersk Kalmar. This fuel was used at blends from 7% to 100% in an auxiliary engine on a month-long trip from Bremerhaven, Germany to Pipavav, India in Dec 2011. In Jul 2012, The US

Navy used 700,000 gallons of HRD76 biodiesel in three ships.

Solazyme inked a massive deal with Dow Chemical to ship up to 60 million

gallons of its algae-based oil as an insulating chemical for electric transformers in 2015.
Solazyme announced the start of a month long pilot program to test consumer response to the industry's first sale of advanced renewable fuel. "The fuel will

be sold at the same price as conventional diesel fuels..."Nov 14 2012

K. N. Naik, CFSR 18

Actual Use of Algae Fuels

In January 2009, Continental Airlines made history with the first-ever test flight of a commercial jet in the US with algae-based fuel as part of its biofuel blend. Continental Boeing 737 flew with a blend of 50 percent biofuels and 50 percent traditional jet fuel in one of its two engines In June 2011, the US Navy successfully demonstrated a 50-50 blend of traditional and algae-based jet fuel, produced by Solazyme, in a MH-60S Seahawk helicopter.

In July 2011, ASTM International, the worlds standards body, announced it had approved airlines to fly passenger jets using derivatives of up to 50 percent biofuel made from feedstocks such asmeaning that renewable aviation
biofuels were cleared for take-off.

In November, 2011, United Flight 1403 flew from Houston to Chicago, on a 40 percent blend of Solazymes algal jet fuel

K. N. Naik, CFSR

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Some Indian Development

Indian Oil and the Department of Biotechnology (DBT) have jointly set up a Centre for Advanced BioEnergy Research. IOC-DBT Centre for Advanced Bio-Energy Research has signed an agreement with LanzaTech, USA, to further develop IOC-DBT's micro-algae technology.

K. N. Naik, CFSR

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K. N. Naik, CFSR

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