CHAPTER 7: DYNAMICS

WHAT IS FORCE?
Many activities in our daily life involve the use of forces. A force is a PUSH or PULL exerted on an object. For example :(a) Pressing the doorbell (b) Taking a book from the shelf

EFFECTS OF FORCES 1. Force can change the SHAPE and SIZE of an object. (a) A rubber band stretches when it is pulled. (b) A ball of plasticine flattens when it is pressed. 2. Force can change the POSITION of an object. (a) A box changes position when it is pushed. (b) A book changes position when it is carried. 3. Force can change the SPEED of an object. (a) A ball is increased in speed when it is kicked. (b) A sailing boat moves slower when it sails against the direction of the wind. 4. Force can change the DIRECTION of motion of an object. (a) A ball thrown in the air will eventually fall down due to the pull of gravity. (b) A flying shuttlecock changes its direction when it is hit with a badminton racket.

TYPES OF FORCES 1. Frictional force (a)It is the force that opposes the motion of a surface in contact with another surface. (b) For example, when a marble is rolled on the table, it slows down and eventually stops because there is frictional force between the surface of the marble and the surface of the table. ADVANTAGES????

2. Gravitational force (a)It is also called as gravity. It is the force that pulls all objects towards the centre of the Earth. (b) For example, when a coconut falls down from the tree, it will fall to the ground because of the Earths gravity. (c) Without gravity, all objects would float in the air. (d) Gravity causes all objects to have weight. (e) On the Earth, gravitational force acting on an object of mass 1kg is approximately equivalent to 10 N. Mass of 1kg Gravitational force of 10 N (f) Therefore, an object of mass 1kg will have a weight of 10N. (g) Gravitational force also exists on the Moon. The gravitational force on the Moon is about 1/6 to that on the Earth. (h) Hence, an object on the surface of the Moon will weigh 1/6 of its weight on Earth.

3. Electrostatic Force. (a) It is the force between two static electric charges. (b) When an object is rubbed, it becomes charged. (c) For example, when a plastic sheet is rubbed with a dry cloth, it is able to attract small strands of hair. This occurs because of electrostatic force present. 4. Magnetic force (a) It is the pushing or pulling force acting on magnetic materials. When two like/same poles of magnets are brought closer together, they will repel each other. (b) When unlike/different poles of magnets are brought closer together, they will attract each other. (c) Magnets also exert force on magnetic materials such as iron and steel. These materials are pulled towards or pushed away from a magnet by magnetic force.

MEASUREMENT OF FORCE
Strength of force measured in Newtons (N). Device used to measure the size of force:- spring balance or newton balance. consists of:- spring with a pointer the spring is elastic and can be easily stretched

FRICTIONAL FORCE AND APPLICATION

Two surfaces rub against each other. Opposes the movement of object. Daily activities cannot be carried out without frictional force.

Enable to hold things

Shoes grip the ground

Braking system allow to slow down and stop the vehicles

Can produce sound