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Lecture 6
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Term Test:
Term test have been graded Overall you did well Originally the mean was 68% I have now made the test out of 95 points instead of 100 New mean is at 72% Red marker indicates your % grade Emis will have office hours next Tuesday (March 7th) 12-1. Answer key is posted on the course web site
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Lecture Outline:
Neurological Approaches
Psychological Approaches
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Summary of Symptoms
Disorders of Comprehension Disorders of Production
Poor auditory comprehension Poor visual comprehension
Poor articulation Word-finding deficit (anomia) Unintended words of phrases (paraphasia) Loss of grammar or syntax Inability to repeat aurally presented material Low verbal fluency Inability to write (agraphia) Loss of tone in voice (aprosidia)
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Classification of Aphasias
Three test parameters: spontaneous speech, auditory comprehension, and verbal repetition Three broad categories: Nonfluent aphasias there are difficulties in articulating but relatively good auditory verbal comprehension (e.g., Brocas severe, Brocas mild) Fluent aphasias fluent speech but difficulties either in auditory verbal comprehension or in the repetition of words, phrases, or sentences spoken by others (e.g., Wernickes or sensory aphasia; Anomic) Pure aphasias there are selective impairments in reading, writing, or the recognition of words (e.g., agraphia, alexia without agraphia)
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What is this object called? I know what it doesYou use it to anchor a ship
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Global Aphasia
Associated with extensive left hemisphere damage Deficits in comprehension and production of language
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Summary of Aphasias
Type of Aphasia Brocas Global Transcortical motor Wernickes Aphasia Spontaneous speech Nonfluent Nonfluent Nonfluent Fluent Paraphasias + Comprehension Good Poor Good Poor Repetition Poor Poor Good Poor Naming Poor Poor Poor Poor
Transcortical sensory
Conduction Anomic
Fluent
Fluent Fluent
+
+ +
Poor
Good Good
Good
Poor Good
Poor
Poor Poor
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Psychological Perspective
Psycholiguists do not breakdown language into production and comprehension According to psycholiguists, language has three components: phonology, syntax and semantics
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Phonemes
Difficulty in producing particular phonemes
Syntax
Impaired
Semantics
Unimpaired (unless syntax important)
Phoneme substitutions
Relatively Unimpaired
Impaired
1. 2.
Summary of neurological and psychological perspectives: Anterior regions (i.e., the frontal lobe) are important for speech production and syntax Posterior regions (i.e., temporal and parietal lobe) are important for comprehension and semantic processing
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Handedness
Right Left
# of cases
140 122
Left
96% 70%
Bilateral
0% 15%
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Right
4% 15%
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1.
2.
2 routes whereby visually presented words are linked to meaning Phonological route to reading see the word, sound it out understand the meaning (grapheme-tophoneme) Direct route printed words are directly linked to meaning (useful to reading irregular words, such as yacht or colonel or pint)
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