Chapter 09

Dimensioning
Chapter 9
Objectives
Use conventional dimensioning techniques to describe size and shape accurately on an engineering drawing Create and read a drawing at a specified scale Correctly place dimension lines, extension lines, angles, and notes
2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.
Technical Drawing 13th Edition
Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
Objectives (cont.)
Use aligned and unidirectional dimensioning systems Dimension circles, arcs, and inclined surfaces Identify precision ranges for typical manufacturing operations Apply finish symbols and notes to a drawing
3
Objectives (cont.)

Dimension contours Use standard practices for dimensioning prisms, cylinders, holes, curves List practices for dimensioning a solid model as documentation Identify guidelines for the dos and donts of dimensioning
Understanding Dimensioning
Drawings for products must be dimensioned so that production personnel all over the world can make mating parts that will fit properly when assembled or when used to replace parts
Aspects of Good Dimensioning
Dimensions are given in the form of distances, angles, and notes regardless of the dimensioning units being used The ability to create good dimensions requires:

Technique of dimensioning Placement of dimensions Choice of dimensions

Tolerance
When a finished part is measured it may vary slightly from the exact dimension specified Tolerance is the total amount that the feature on the actual part is allowed to vary from what is specified by the dimension
Lines Used in Dimensioning
Dimension line a thin, dark, solid line terminated by arrowheads, indicating the direction and extent of a dimension
Extension line a thin, dark, solid line that extends from a point on the drawing to which a dimension refers
Centerline a thin, dark line alternating long and short dashes commonly used in locating holes and other symmetrical features
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Using Dimension and Extension Lines

Shorter dimension lines are nearest the object outline Dimension lines should not cross extension lines A dimension line should never coincide with or extend any line of the drawing Avoid crossing dimension lines when possible
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Dimensions should be lined up and grouped together as much as possible
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When extension lines or center lines cross visible object lines, gaps should not be left in the lines
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Arrowheads
Arrowheads indicate the extent of dimensions They should be uniform in size and style throughout the drawing
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Leaders
A leader is a thin solid line directing attention to a note or dimension and starting with an arrowhead or dot
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Drawing Scale and Dimensioning
Drawings are usually made to a scale which is indicated in the title block A heavy straight line should be drawn under any single dimension value that is not to scale
If an entire drawing is not prepared to a standard, note NONE in the scale area of the title block
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Direction of Dimension Values and Notes
All dimension values and notes are lettered horizontally and should read from the bottom of the sheet
The exception is when dimensioning from a baseline as in coordinate dimensioning
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Direction of Dimension Values and Notes
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Dimension Units
Dimension values are shown using the metric system or decimal inch values It is standard practice to omit millimeter designations and inch marks on drawings and note the units in the title block except when there is a possibility of misunderstanding
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Dimension Units
Either meters or feet and inches and fractional inches are used in architectural and structural work
In U.S. structural and architectural drafting, all dimensions of 1 foot or over are usually expressed in feet and inches
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Millimeter Values
The millimeter is the commonly used unit for most metric engineering drawings
One-place millimeter decimals are used when tolerance limits permit Two or more-place millimeter decimals are used when higher tolerances are required
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Decimal Inch Values
Two-place decimals are typical when tolerance limits permit
In two-place decimals, the second place preferably should be an even digit so that when the dimension is divided by 2 the results will still be a two-place decimal
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Rules for Dimension Values
Where the metric dimension is a whole number, do not show a decimal point or a zero Where the metric dimension is less than 1mm, a zero precedes the decimal point Where the decimal-inch dimension is used, a zero is not used before the decimal point of values less than 1
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Rounding Values
If the number following the rounding position is a 5, round to an even number If the number following the rounding position is less then 5, make no change If the number following the rounding position is more than 5, round up
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Dual Dimensioning
Dual dimensioning is used to show metric and decimal inch dimensions on the same drawing
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Dimension Symbols
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Placing Dimensions
Never letter a dimension value over any line on the drawing In a group of parallel dimension lines, the dimension values should be staggered Do not crowd dimension figures into limited spaces making them illegible
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Placing Dimensions
Place dimensions between views when possible, but only attached to a single view Dimensions should not be placed on a view unless doing so promotes the clarity of the drawing
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Placing Dimensions
When a dimension must be placed in a hatched area or on the view, leave an opening in the hatching or a break in the lines for the dimension value
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Placing Dimensions

Avoid dimensioning to hidden lines Do not attach dimensions to visible lines where the meaning is not clear Notes for holes are usually placed where you see the circular shape of the hole
An external cylindrical shape is dimensioned where it appears rectangular

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Placing Dimensions
Give dimensions where the contours of the object are defined
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Superfluous Dimensions
All necessary dimensions must be shown but avoid giving unnecessary dimensions Do not repeat dimensions on the same view or on different views, or give the same information two different ways
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Superfluous Dimensions
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Dimensioning Angles
You should dimension angles by specifying the angle in degrees and a linear dimension
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Dimensioning Arcs
A circular arc is dimensioned in the view where you see its true shape by giving the value for its radius preceded by the abbreviation R
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Fillets and Rounds
Individual fillets and rounds are dimensioned like other arcs
If there are only a few and they are obviously the same size, giving one typical radius is preferred Fillets radii can also be given in a general note
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Size Dimensions: Prisms
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Size Dimensions: Cylinders
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Size Dimensions: Holes
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Dimensioning Various Shapes
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Dimensioning Curves
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Dimensioning Curved Surfaces
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Dimensioning Rounded-end Shapes
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Dimensioning Threads
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Dimensioning Tapers
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Dimensioning Chamfers
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Shaft Centers
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Dimensioning Keyways
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Dimensioning Knurls
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Finish Marks
A finish mark is used to indicate that a surface is to be machined
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Surface Roughness
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Location Dimensions
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Location Dimensions
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Location Dimensions
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Location Dimensions
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Mating Dimensions
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Tabular Dimensions
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Coordinate Dimensioning
Basic coordinate dimensioning practices are generally compatible with the data requirements for automated production A set of three mutually perpendicular datum or reference planes is usually required for coordinate dimensioning
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Machine, Pattern, and Forging Dimensions
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Sheet-Metal Bends
In sheet-metal dimensioning, allowance must be made for bends
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Notes
It is usually necessary to supplement the direct dimensions with notes Notes should be worded to allow only one interpretation Notes should be lettered horizontally
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Standards
Dimensions should be given to make use of readily available materials, tools, parts, and gages The dimensions for many commonly used machine elements are standardized and can be obtained from standard manuals or catalogs
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Dimensioning

Technical Drawing 13th Edition

Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart

Technical Drawing 13th Edition

Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart

Technical Drawing 13th Edition

Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart

Technical Drawing 13th Edition

Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart

Aspects of Good Dimensioning

Technique of dimensioning Placement of dimensions Choice of dimensions

Technical Drawing 13th Edition

Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart

Technical Drawing 13th Edition

Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart

Lines Used in Dimensioning

Technical Drawing 13th Edition

Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart

Lines Used in Dimensioning

Technical Drawing 13th Edition

Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart

Lines Used in Dimensioning

Technical Drawing 13th Edition

Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart

Using Dimension and Extension Lines

Technical Drawing 13th Edition

Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart

Using Dimension and Extension Lines

Technical Drawing 13th Edition

Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart

Using Dimension and Extension Lines

Dimensions should be lined up and grouped together as much as possible

Technical Drawing 13th Edition

Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart

Using Dimension and Extension Lines

Technical Drawing 13th Edition

Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart

Technical Drawing 13th Edition

Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart

Technical Drawing 13th Edition

Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart

Drawing Scale and Dimensioning

Technical Drawing 13th Edition

Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart

Direction of Dimension Values and Notes

The exception is when dimensioning from a baseline as in coordinate dimensioning

Technical Drawing 13th Edition

Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart

Direction of Dimension Values and Notes

Technical Drawing 13th Edition

Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart

Technical Drawing 13th Edition

Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart

Technical Drawing 13th Edition

Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart

Technical Drawing 13th Edition

Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart

Decimal Inch Values

Two-place decimals are typical when tolerance limits permit

Technical Drawing 13th Edition

Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart

Rules for Dimension Values

Technical Drawing 13th Edition