(Thoughts into Action)
Braingate Technology
Sweeti Kumari Sah (13131D2512) 12/17/2013
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Introduction History Working Mechanism Advantages Disadvantages Future Concerns Conclusion
Braingate Technology
12/17/2013
Brain gate is an electrode chip
implemented in the brain which contains an internal signal sensor and external processor that converts neural signals into an output signal. The signals generated by brain are interpreted and translated into cursor movement in computer screen to control the computer.
This mind-to-movement system allows a
quadriplegic person to control a computer using only his thoughts.
Braingate Technology
12/17/2013
After 10 years of study and research,
Brain gate was developed by Cyberkinetics, a bio-tech company in Foxboro, Massachusetts, laid down by Nicholas Halsopulas a neuroscientist in Chicago University in 2003 in conjunction with the Department of Neuroscience at Brown University.
Dr. John Donaghue director of the
Nicholas Halsopulas
brain science program at Brown University who made Brain gate possible.
John Donaghue
Braingate Technology 12/17/2013
Braingate Technology
12/17/2013
The principle is that with the intact brain functions,
brain signals are generated even though they are not sent to the arms, hands and legs.
The signals are interpreted and translated into cursor
movements, offering the user an alternate BRAIN GATE PATHWAY to control a computer with thought.
The user can use that cursor to control the computer,
just as a mouse is used.
Braingate Technology 12/17/2013
Body's voluntary movements are controlled by the
brain.
The brain area involved in controlling these
movements is called motor cortex.
The motor cortex receive information
from various lobes of brain information about the body's position in space, goal to be attained & strategy for attaining it.
Braingate Technology 12/17/2013
Sensor
A 4mm*4mm silicon chip studded with 100 hair-thin microelectrodes is embedded in the primary motor cortex the region of the brain responsible for controlling movement.
The Connector
When the user thinks move cursor up and down, the cortical neurons fire in a distinctive pattern: the signal is transmitted through the pedestal plug attached to the skull.
Braingate Technology 12/17/2013
Converter
The signal travels to a shoebox-sized amplifier mounted on the users wheelchair, where its converted to optical data and bounced by fiber-optic cable to a computer. Computer The computer translates brain activity and creates the communication output using custom decoding software.
Braingate Technology
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This technology is based on : SENSE TRANSMIT & ANALYSE APPLY the language of neurons.
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The computers translate brain activity and create the
communication output using custom decoding software.
System uses adaptive algorithms and pattern-matching
techniques to facilitate communication. The algorithms are written in C, JAVA and MATLAB.
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At first, rats were implanted with BCI.
Signals recorded from the cerebral cortex of rat to
operate BCI to carry out the movement.
Braingate Technology 12/17/2013
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Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh had demonstrated on a monkey that can feed itself with a robotic arm simply by using signals from its brain.
It Worked!
Using only its mind the monkey was able to control a cursor on a computer monitor via Brain Gate.
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Since there were no complications in trials with monkeys Next Step: Humans!
In December 7, 2004, brain-computer interface had been
clinically tested on a human by Cyberkinetics.
The first participant in these trials, a 25-year-old man who
had sustained a spinal cord injury leading to paralysis in all four limbs three years prior to the study.
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Over a period of nine months, he took
part in 57 sessions during which the implanted Brain Gate sensor recorded activity in his motor cortex while he imagined moving his paralyzed limbs and then used that imagined motion for several computer-based tasks such as, moving a computer cursor to open simulated e-mail, draw circular shapes and play simple video games.
Mathew Nagles Statement :
I can't put it into words. It's justI use my brain. I just thought it. I said, "Cursor go up to the top right." And it did, and now I can control it all over the screen. It will give me a sense of independence.
Braingate Technology
Nagle, a 25-year-old quadriplegic, the first human fitted with the Brain Gate Neural Interface.
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Controlling remote devices Making and receiving telephone
calls Accessing the internet Turn on or off the lights Control robotic arm Watch and control television Use the PC Locking or unlocking doors Motorized wheelchair
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Extremely expensive
Although the chip is extremely small, it still means surgery
on the brain, which is always risky and can be dangerous.
Not Wireless yet. Restricts the person to be in the area of
the device.
Difficulty in adaptation and learning. This process is still very slow and takes a very long time.
Limitation in information transform rate. The latest technology is 20 bits/min.
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Emphasis should be on improving the
information transform rate.
Stronger algorithm should be implemented.
Wireless technologies should be used.
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Enable users to perform a wide variety of daily activities without assistances of technician.
Smaller ,wireless device .
The user will have an improved control of respiratory
system, limb with muscle stimulation or robotics.
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The invention of Brain gate is such a revolution in medical field.
The remarkable breakthrough offers hope that people who are paralysed will one day be able to independently operate artificial limbs, computers or wheelchairs.
Dr. John Donoghue (L.) accepts the $1 million B.R.A.I.N Award from President Shimon Peres at the recent BrainTech 2013 event in Tel Aviv.
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Braingate Technology
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