GSM

(Global System For

Presented by:
Saksham Choudhary

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Brief History
Ø Before 1980,problems were being confronted in Mobile Communication
because of different standards adopted by different countries.
Ø Conference of European Portal And Telecommunication(CEPT),in
1980,craeted Group Special Mobile with aim of developing Pan-
European standard.
Ø Project was named GSM and system implementing the corresponding
standard, Global System For Mobile Communication(GSM).
Ø The responsibility for development was transferred to European
Telecommunication Standards Institute(ETSI) and MOU’S were signed by
various network operators.
Ø Field trials were carried out in 1980’s and system was finally put into
operation in 1990’s.

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Frequency Bands
Ø GSM-900(Around 900 MHz)
Ø GSM-1800(Around 1.8 GHz)
Ø GSM-1900(Around 1.9 GHz)
Ø E-GSM

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 GSM Services
Ø Teleservices
TS cover, in essence, telephony e.g. Regular telephony,
emergency calls, voice messaging.
Ø Bearer Services
BS encompass basically data transmission e.g. call broadcast,
Short messaging services.
Ø Supplementary Services
These are value added services e.g.call forwarding, call
waiting, call hold etc.

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GSM Architecture
The Public Land Mobile Network System(PLMN) with GSM
architecture consists of four major blocks:

Ø Mobile Station Subsystem(MSS)

Ø Base Station Subsystem(BSS)
Ø Network And Switching Subsystem(NSS)
Ø Operation And Support Subsystem(OSS)

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Mobile Station
Subsystem(MSS)
It is basically a human-machine interface performing functions to
connect user and PLMN.

MSS Includes:

vMobile Station(MS)
vSubscriber Identity Module(SIM)

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v Mobile station(MS) consists of:
Ø Terminal Equipment(TE)-It may be a fax, a computer or another
non
specific GSM device.
Ø Mobile Termination(MT)-It realizes the standard GSM mobile
terminal
functions.
Ø Terminal Adapter(TA)-It works as interface between TE and MT.

v Subscriber Identity Module(SIM)

SIM is a removable card containing all subscriber specific data,
such as
identification numbers or contracted services, personal
features as chosen by subscriber.

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Identification Codes
Ø IMSI
Ø TMSI
Ø MS-ISDN
Ø MSRN
Ø IMEI
Ø LAI

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Base Station
Subsystem(BSS)
It is responsible for radio coverage of given geographic region
and for appropriate signal processing.

It consists of:
vBase Transceiving Centre(BTS)-A BTS is responsible
for the radio coverage itself and basically consists of the
radio equipment.
vBase Station Controller(BSC)-A BSC controls one or
more (typically several) BTS’s. Its functions include radio
resource management, signalling transmission, power
control, handover control, frequency hopping control, and
others.
vTranscoder/Rate Adapter Unit(TRAU)-ATRAU is a
device placed between two GSM elements—BTS, BSC, or
mobile switching centre (MSC)—and is used to conserve
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Network And Switching
Substation(NSS)
The network and switching subsystem (NSS) carries out the GSM
switching
procedures and the manipulation of the databases for mobility
management
of the subscribers. Its functions include coordination of call setup,
paging,
resource allocation, location registration etc.

It Consists Of:
v MSC
v HLR
v VLR
v AuC
v EIR

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Operation And Support
Subsystem(OSS)
The operation and support subsystem (OSS) performs the
operation and
maintenance functions through two entities, namely:

vOperation And Maintenance Centre(OMC)

vNetwork And Management Subsystem(NMC)

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Open Interfaces
Ø A-Interface
Ø Abis-Interface
Ø B-Interface
Ø C-Interface
Ø D-Interface
Ø E-Interface
Ø F-Interface
Ø G-Interface
Ø H-Interface
Ø Um-Interface

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Signal Processing

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Burst Formats
GSM specifies five different time slot formats (156.25 bits), or
burst formats,
to comply with the various functions to be performed:

Ø Normal Burst
Ø Frequency Burst
Ø Synchronization Burst
Ø Access Burst
Ø Dummy Burst

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Channels
In GSM there are two types Of Channels

vPhysical Channels: The physical channels constitute

the physical medium through which information flows.

vLogical Channels: The logical channels support the

logical functions within the network.

CP2077 - Networking 18
Physical Channels
The absolute radiofrequency channel number (N) and the
corresponding
centre frequency, in MHz, for the uplink and for the downlink
are related to
each other as:
Ø GSM 900-
f(uplink)=0.2N+890
f(downlink)=0.2N+935
Ø GSM 1800-
f(uplink)=0.2N+1710
f(downlink)=0.2N+1805
Ø GSM 1900-
f(uplink) =0.2N+1850
f(downlink)=0.2N+1930
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Logical Channels

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Summary
GSM has emerged as a digital solution to the incompatible
analog air interfaces of the differing cellular networks operating
in Europe. Among the set of ambitious targets to be pursued, full
roaming was indeed a very important one. In addition, a large
number of open interfaces have been specified within the GSM
architecture. Open interfaces favour market competition with
operators able to choose equipment from different
vendors.GSMwas the first system to stimulate the incorporation
of the personal communication services philosophy into a
cellular network. These and other innovative features rendered
GSM networks, either in the original GSM conception or as an
evolution of it, a very successful project with worldwide
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Thanks And Have A
Great Day

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