Tools Of Structured

Analysis
Group Members
 Introduction
 Traditional tools have some limitations.
So to overcome these limitations
structured tools are used.
 Structured tools such as a Data Flow
Diagram(DFD), Data dictionary &
Structured English, provide alternative
ways of designing a candidate system.
 What is Structure
Analysis?
 Definition :
it’s a set of techniques and
graphic tools that allow the analysis to
developed a new kind of system
specification that are easily understandable
to the user.
 Goals :
4. Use graphic whenever possible.
5. Differentiate between logical and physical
system.
6. Build a logical system.
 Tools Of Structure
Analysis
Data Flow Diagram
Data Dictionary
Structured English
Decision Tree
Decision Table
 Data Flow Diagram
(DFD)
 Data flow diagram supports 4 main activities:
• Analysis: DFD used to determine
requirements of users
• Design: DFD used to map out plan and
illustrate solutions to analysts and users while
designing a new system
• Communication: DFD is simple and easy to
understand to analysts and users;
• Documents: DFD used to provide special
description of requirements and system
design.
Main components of
data flow diagram
• Process
• Flow
• Storage
• External factors
• Internal factors.
 You can construct DFD of system with the
following guidelines:
• Choose meaningful names for processes, flows,
stores, and terminators.
• Number of processes.
• Re-draw the DFD many times .
• Avoid overly complex DFD.
 Data Flow Diagrams
Symbols
 DFD Symbols
DFDs use four
basic symbols that
represent
processes, data
flows, data stores,
and entities
Gane and Sarson
symbol set
Yourdon symbol
set
 Advantage &
Disadvantage
 Advantage :
1.Its shows a minimum contents of data
stores.
2.Its a quite effective, to clear the design to
the user.
3.Its analyst to use the national language for
communication.
 Disadvantage :
1.It required the large number of iterations,
that often are required to arrive at the most
accurate and complete solution.
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Function Hierarchy Diagram

 Data Dictionary
o In DFD we give name to data flow,
process , data store.
o Although the names are descriptive of
the data, the do not give detail.
o So a structured place is build to keep
the detail, this place is called data
dictionary.
o It’s a regorous definition of all DFD.
 Advantages of Data
Dictionary
 It’s works as a valuable reference.
 It improves the communication between
analysis and user.
 it can be use to compare the data
description.
 Data dictionary can be use for cross
referenced.
 It’s used in building a database.
Logical Data Description
Hierarchy
 Decision Tree
 Decision Trees
Graphical representation of the conditions,
actions, and rules found in a decision tree.
Whether to use a decision table or tree it is
a matter of personal preference.
 Structured English
 Structured English
Might look familiar to programming students
because it resembles pseudo code
 Decision Tables
 Decision Tables
 It define problems and action that has to be
taken.
 It’s a relationship between condition and
action.
 It has two parts: stub and entry.

Stub has two parts, Entry has two parts,

1.Condition Stub 1.Condition Entry
2.Action Stub 2.Action Entry
Decision Tables
 Summary
 Data and process modeling involves five
main tools: Data Flow Diagrams(DFD), a
Data Dictionary, Structure English,
Decision Tree and Decision Table.
 Data flow diagrams (DFDs) graphically
show the movement and transformation of
data in the information system.
 The data dictionary is the central
documentation tool for structured analysis.
Thank

You