SUBSTATION OVERVIEW

Power system analysis Seminar Prepared by :Barhav

What is a substation?
An electrical substation takes electricity from a very high voltage and lowers it to the voltage we use in our homes & businesses

TYPE OF SUBSTATION
Classification based on voltage levels, e.g. : A.C. Substation : EHV,HV, MV, ELV,LV; Substation. Classification based on Outdoor or Indoor : Outdoor substation is under open sky. Indoor substation is inside a building. Classification based on transformer : Substation which change the voltage level Classification based on frequency : Substation which change the supply frequency Classification based on converter : Substation which change ac to dc

SUBSTATION PARTS AND EQUIPMENTS

Incoming

Lines Outgoing Lines Distribution bus Transformers Substation Equipment such as Circuit-beakers
Control

house Voltage regulator Switch gear

Building
Conference

room etc. Battery Room Operator room Check and change room Adjacent maintenance room ECC room

Transformer part

CHARGER

Input voltage output voltage Application Protection Metering Indication Alarms Auto operation

Standard voltage
Type Voltage

EXTRA LOW VOLTAGE

LOW VOLTAGE MEDIUM VOLTAGE HIGH VOLTAGE EXTRA HIGH VOLTAGE ULTRA HIGH VOLTAGE

Up to 50V AC/DC
50-1000V AC/DC ABOVE 1000V AC/DC UPTO 6.6KV AC ABOVE 6.6KV AC TO 33 KV AC ABOVE 33KV AC TO 400 KV AC ABOVE 400 KV AC TO 765 KV AC

EARTHING

The following steps, when put into practice, will ensure a reliable, safe and trouble-free substation grounding system: Size conductors for anticipated faults Use the right connections Ground rod selection Soil preparation Grounding using building foundations Grounding the substation fence Special attention to operating points Surge arrestors must be grounded properly Grounding of cable trays Temporary grounding of normally energized parts

Earthing .....contd

Cabling

Depth of the trench 750 mm for cables up to 1.1KV Depth of the trench 1200 mm for cables up to 1.1KV Sand - covered with 150 mm Width of the trench 350 mm minimum Loop approximate -3

THANK YOU