Unsafe Water

Biochemical Threats
Toxic Chemicals

Contaminated Food Poor Sanitation

Radiation

Hazardous Wastes
Air Pollution Climate Change

Ozone Depletion

is getting sick!

Water Usage by Sector A Birds Eye View

Per Capita Availability of Water

1947 2000

5150 Cu.m 2200 Cu.m

2017

1600 Cu.m
Water Stressed Condition

Demand and Available Utilizable Water

Urban demand Industrial Demand

1990 2025 1990 2025

25 BCM 52 BCM 34 BCM 191 BCM

Agricultural Demand

2025

770 BCM

Total 1013 BCM Aggregate annual utilizable water in India 1100 BCM

Groundwater Depletion
The blocks in red are areas where, due to extraction of groundwater, especially for irrigation, the groundwater levels have fallen by more than 4 metres (@ > 20 cm/year) during 1981-2000
Source: CGWB

Fresh Water Crisis

Increased Pollution of Surface and Ground Water. Improper Water Resource Management Shortcomings in the Design. Lack of implementation of legislation and regulations. Undue aspiration of the rich

Increase in Population.

Environmental Problems

Industrialization Urbanization Agricultural Modernization

Rapid Growth without taking into account environmental issues

Loss Due to Water Related Diseases

21% of all communicable diseases are water related 200 million mandays lost annually

30.3 million DALYs are lost

Rs. 36.6 billion total annual loss

Water Related Environmental Health Hazard

Rural

unsafe drinking water

Urban

Inadequate excreta disposal

Agricultural run-off containing chemicals and pesticides

Lack of infrastructure to meet rapid population rise Uncontrolled industrilization Lack of waste management

Shortage of Water Due to

Excessive extraction of groundwater.

Chemical and bacteriological contaminants in drinking water.

Ingress of seawater into coastal aquifers. Pollution of ground and surface water from agrochemicals and industrial waste. Pollution of ground and surface water due to urban bodies not resorting to adequate waste management.

Household Water Security

Polluted water sources create fresh water crisis calls for additional investment and long distance water systems.
Inequitable distribution of drinkable water leading to wastage. All these lead to low availability of drinking water and of questionable quality. Lack of storage and handling of drinking water at HH level.

Environment Sanitation
Inadequate municipal waste water treatment facilities add to 75% of water pollution. Surface water sources get polluted due to municipal and industrial waste and agricultural runoff Quality of ground water deteriorates due to over exploitation, leaching of chemical fertilizers and or land disposal of municipal and industrial waste Lack of HH toilet facilities in the vulnerable areas Inadequate solid waste management and landfill dumping Lack of hygiene education and adaptation of poor personal hygiene practices. Poor drainage facilities leading to silage / rain water collection

UNSAFE WATER AND SANITATION

About 1.6 Million deaths a year worldwide are attributed to unsafe water, sanitation and hygiene, mainly through infectious diarrhoea. Nine out of ten such deaths are in children, and virtually all the deaths are in developing countries. In India, the lack to access safe water and proper sanitation facilities is a major cause for diarrhoeal infections, and kills 600,00 people annually.