Ethernet Advanced

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Chapter Objectives

Explain 10Base-T network Explain 10Base-FL Explain the 5-4-3 rule Identify different types of High Speed Ethernet standards

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Recall

IEEE 802 standard is used for networking 802.3 defines physical layer and datalink layer standard that uses wired connection 10Base-5, 10Base-2, 10Base-T and 10Base-F are the types of Ethernet cabling system Hubs, bridges and routers are used to extend network

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Introduction to Advanced Ethernet

Ethernet is most widely used network technology Introduced by IEEE 802.3 Ethernet systems are 10Base-T and 10Base-FL High speed Ethernet includes

100Base Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet Switched Ethernet Full Duplex Ethernet

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Features of Advanced Ethernet

Advanced Ethernet would use a physical star to match the robustness of Token ring It would not use more expensive coaxial cables and adopt inexpensive UTP cabling It would use the same frame types and speeds of the older Ethernets so that new Ethernets will be compatible with older ones

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10BASE-T - I

Ethernet standard known as twisted pair Ethernet Uses a star bus topology Stations are connected to a hub using pairs of twisted cables Features:

Failure of one system does not affect entire network Easy troubleshooting Addition and removal of device does not affect network

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10BASE-T Topology

It uses a physical star topology in which each node connects to a central hub The hub is a multiport repeater. It receives the signal from one port, regenerates it and passes the signal to all the other ports

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Meaning of 10BASE-T

10 refer to 10 Mbps transmission speed, Base is for baseband signaling and T stands for twisted pair cable

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10Base T Specifications and Limitations

Specifications include:

Fault Tolerant Easy Troubleshooting Easy Moves and Changes

Distance Sensitive to noise Number of computers connected

Limitations include:

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10BASE-FL

Ethernet standard that operates over fiber optic cable and covers a distance up to 2 k.m. Multimode fiber and Straight Tip (ST) connector are used to build 10Base-FL segment
10Base FL components

Network Medium

Medium Attachment Unit (MAU)

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5-4-3 Rule - I

Developed to limit the size of an Ethernet collision domain. Implemented by Ethernet (IEEE 802.3) for number of repeaters and segments on shared access The rule states that: Any two nodes in the network should not be separated by more than 5 segments, 4 repeaters and 3 populated segments

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5-4-3 Rule - II

Categories of physical segments:

User segments used to connect the systems in the network. These segments are also known as populated segments. Link segments used to connect repeaters in the network. These segments are also known as unpopulated segments.

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Network using 5-4-3 rule

5 Specifies that maximum 5 segments can be used in the network 4 Specifies the number of repeaters/concentrators used to connect the network segments 3 Specifies the number of populated segments

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High Speed Ethernet

Developed to increase connectivity speed between the terminals or computers in a network.

Ethernet Standards

Fast Ethernet (100Base Ethernet)

Gigabit Ethernet

10-Gigabit Ethernet

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100Base Ethernet

Supports data transfer rate up to 100 Mbps Also called as Fast Ethernet Makes use of CAT 5 cable and fiber cable

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Advantages and Disadvantages

Advantages Speed Ten times faster than regular 10Base-T network Throughput Faster for video, multimedia, graphics, Internet surfing and other applications that require high speed Disadvantages Mode of data transfer 100Base-T4 Ethernet cannot support full duplex mode of data transfer Wiring 100Base-T4 requires four pair of wiring for data transfer
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Gigabit Ethernet

Supports data transfer rate up to 1000 Mbit/s Also called as 1000BASE-T Ethernet

Gigabit Ethernet Standards

1000Base-SX

1000Base-LX

1000Base-CX

1000Base-T

1000Base-TX

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10-Gigabit Ethernet - I

Was developed by IEEE 802.3ae in 2002. Supports data transfer rate that is ten times faster than Gigabit ethernet Compatible with Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) Supports segment length up to 40 Kms Uses Media Access Control (MAC) protocol Uses full-duplex mode of transmission and mostly run on fiber

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10-Gigabit Ethernet - II

Standards included: 10GBASE-CX4 10GBASE-T 10GBASE-SR (Short Range) 10GBASE-LRM (Long Reach Multimode) 10GBASE-LR (Long Range) 10GBASE-ER (Extended Range) 10GBASE-LX4

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Switched Ethernet

Employs a switch instead of a repeater or an Ethernet hub to connect individual hosts or segments Uses three types of switching:

Cut-through Store and forward Fragment-free

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Basic Structure of Switched Ethernet

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Full-Duplex Ethernet

Devices at both ends can send and receive data at the same time Provides twice the bandwidth of normal (half duplex) Ethernet Each pairs of wires acts as a separate channel and allows the devices at each end to communicate with one another in full duplex mode

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Case Study
The MoneyMaker bank has recently upgraded its Ethernet network from 10Base-T to 100Base-T network. It has also changed its cabling from CAT5 to CAT6 straight through cables and 10 Mbps NIC cards are replaced with 10/100 Mbps for future compatibility. After upgradation, some computers in the accounts department of the bank are facing the slower connectivity problems.

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Problem

Identifying problem related to cabling and crimping of RJ-45 jack for new CAT6 cables.

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Suggested Solution

Check the crimping of RJ-45 connector and configure the NIC to operate in 100 Base full duplex mode.

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Summary - I

The Standard Ethernet implementations are 10Base-T and 10Base-F 10Base-T is also known as twisted pair Ethernet and uses UTP cables 10Base-T uses star topology and hub is used as networking device 10Base-FL is a version of 10Base-F that uses fiber optic link instead of twisted pair cable

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Summary - II

IEEE 802.3 implements 5-4-3 rule to limit the size of an Ethernet collision domain High speed Ethernet was developed to increase the connectivity speed between computers in a network The various high speed Ethernet standards are Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet and 10Gigabit Ethernet 100Base-T is also referred as Fast Ethernet that supports data transfer rate up to 100Mbps

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Summary - II

Gigabit Ethernet supports data transfer rate up to 1000Mbps 10Gigabit Ethernet supports data transfer rate up to 10 times that of Gigabit Ethernet Switched Ethernet implements of three types of switching Cut-through switches, Store and forward switches and fragment free switches A Full Duplex Ethernet provides twice the bandwidth of normal (half duplex) Ethernet

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