Optimization on Four Different Kinds of Radio Environment

Wu YunWen

CBC/YO/N

Content

Metro LTR High-Rise Building Mountainous Region Water-Region

2007-09-15

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Metro Optimization (WuHan LTR)

Metro Optimization

Metro Signal Profile Characteristics

Downlink Signal Strength Comparison between Metro and its Underneath(on the road) Methods of Solution New Cell Addition Quasi-Sector Antenna-Relocation Avoiding Unnecessary Handover
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Metro Signal Profile Characteristics

Line-of-Sight(LOS) Signal is preferred for Metro Coverage

Free-Space Path Loss(LOS)= 20log(d) - 10log((Gt Gr2)/(4)2) High-Speed travelling and built on around 30m high Serving Cell: Sudden signal drop when turning around the corner. Neighbor Cells: all are disturbing (unwanted) signals Coming from the reflection and diffraction from the walls of the buildings
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Downlink Level Comparison between Metro and the Underneath(on the road)
Downlink Level Comparison
45.00% 40.00% 35.00% 30.00% 25.00% 20.00% 15.00% 10.00% 5.00% 0.00%

40.19% 34.89%

39.07% 39.12%

15.24% 11.24% 2.74% 2.84% 11.38% 2.61% 0.69% 0.00%

0) (90 ~11

50

60

70

80

~-

~-

~-

~-

20

50

60

70

(-

(-

(-

(-

Metro

the Underneath(on the road)

Around 12 dB Metro Penetration Loss: Comparing the signals inside and outside the Metro cabinet. Average Signal Strength received inside Vehicle on the road is less than inside the Metro Cabinet around 6dB.
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2007-09-15

(-

80

~-

90

dBm

New Cell Addition Solution

DE234AB and DE120AC are not designed to cover the Metro. Weak spot is found between DE234C and DE120B.

2007-09-15

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Floor-Plan of New-Cell DE234D

2007-09-15

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Floor Plan of Quasi-Sector DE233A

2007-09-15

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Floor Plan of Antenna-Relocated DE289C

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Avoid Unnecessary Handover

Azimuth Adjustment:
WE228B ant 130>100 DE132A ant 350>320 DE132C ant 230>200 DE132B ant 120>90 WE226B ant 150>120

Neighbor Addition:
WE228B<>DE132A DE127A<>DE132A DE191A<>DE132A

Parameter Adjustment:
DE120B<>WE235A:KHYST 5->2
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High-Rise Building Optimization

High-Rise Building

Penetration Losses in Buildings

Received Signals for Different Antenna Downtilts Antenna Adjustment for High-Rise Area New-Uptilted Site Addition with Sidelong Installment Coverage Extension using Optical-Repeater

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Penetration Losses in Buildings Different Floors of the High-Rise Building are covered by Main-Lobe, Side-Lobe or even Null-point of the Antenna. And Usually, High-Level Floor is covered by SideLobe. Penetration Losses into Buildings depends on is the type of building material, around 5dB(glass) to 20 dB (Concrete Wall)

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Received Signals for Different Antenna Downtilts

-40 -45 -50

-40 -45 -50

(dBm)

-55 -60 -65 -70 -75 -80

(dBm)

-55 -60 -65 -70 -75 -80 -85 -90

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03

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11

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32

01

03

05

07

09

11

15

17

19

21

23

26

28

30

32

downtilt 9

downtilt 8

downtilt 7

downtilt 6

downtilt 5

downtilt 9

downtilt 8

downtilt 7

downtilt 6

downtilt 5

-40 -45 -50 -55

(dBm)

-60 -65 -70 -75 -80 -85 -90 01 03 05 07 09 11 15 17 19 21 23 26 28 30 32

downtilt 9

downtilt 5

downtilt 9

downtilt 5

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Antenna Adjustment for High-Rise Area

Red-Circled Sites: Servers being more up-tilted. Black-Circled Sites: Interferers being more down-tilted.
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Antenna Sidelong-Orientation Installment

Anntena Type Vetical Beamwidth:9 degree Horizontal Beamwidth: 65 degree Anntena Sidelong-orientation Installment Vetical Beamwidth:65 degree(430m) Horizontal Beamwidth: 9 degree(33m) Uptilt 35degree

Normal Installment

Sidelong Installment

2007-09-15

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Coverage Extension using Optical-Repeater

Using the Optical-repeater from a indoor micro cell to extend the coverage. A outdoor panel antenna is installed in the top of building to cover nearby buildings.
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Mountainous Region Optimization

Mountainous Region Optimization

Knife Edge Geometry Power Balance Equations Factors for Cell Coverage Site built on Basin Site built on Highest Hill Site built on Highland Antenna Null Effect Problem

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Knife Edge Geometry

Mountain may be modeled as conducting knife edge.
Path loss of suburban :

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Power Balance Equations

Power balance equation Is a summary (sum) of the gains and losses in the link
Gains are positive, losses are negative Two power balance equations are used for uplink and downlink

Uplink Power Balance Equation

L pu Pm Gm Gb Gd Ld L j S b

where
Lpu is the maximum allowable uplink path loss in dB Lj is the jumper loss in dB

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Downlink Power balance equation

L pd Pb Ld L j Ltf Gm Gb Sb
where
Lpd is the maximum allowable downlink path loss in dB

Ltf is the BTS transmitter filter loss in dB

Pb is the setting of the power of the BTS in decibels

Downlink Output Power is 43dBm/45dBm; Uplink Output Power is 33dBm. Without Tower-Mount Amplifier (TMA), Downlink power is set to 43.5dBm to achieve path balance. With Tower-Mount Amplifier, Downlink power is set to 47.3dBm to achieve path balance. XianNing do not employ Tower-Mount Amplifier, after considering other factors like antenna gain. Uplink is the Limiting Path.

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Factors for Cell Coverage

Height of Base Station Antenna,Radio Environment and EIRP Cell Coverage Radius calculated from Okumura Hata
R=10, = [Lpathmax A + 13.82logHB + a(HM)]/[44.9-6.55logHB] Where A = 132.5(Rural) 127.5(suburban) (900MHz) HB= Height of Base Station Antenna (Metre) HM= Height of Mobile (Metre). a(1.5)= 0

Lpathmax = EIRP SSdesign

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Site built on Basin Location

Site XN208 Ant view

BTS built on the hill of 53m high plus BTS tower of 20m, 73m in total. Signal are severely blocked due to the continual surroundings of the hills.

When changing ACCMIN from -97dBm to -102dBm, the CELL Coveage extended from 4km to 9km. However, Drop Call may increase.

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Red-Colored Route denotes the downlink level from -97dBm to -102dBm.

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Site built on the Highest Hill

Site XN384 Ant view

BTS built on the highest hill of 153m high. Good Coverage because the surrounding small hills cannot block the signal.

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Good Coverage provided by the site built on the highest hill; less weak coverage spots.

2007-09-15

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Site built on Highland

Site XN379 Ant view

BTS built on the highest hill of 127m high plus BTS Tower of 20m. Surrounding by Medium-High Hills; some parts of the route are blocked by Medium-High Hills

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Good Coverage only for 3km in radius, above -80dBm; Beyond 3km, Medium Hill begins to block the signal.

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Antenna Null Effect Problem

XN313A provide above -70dBm within 4km; however, signal gets weaker at near the site (around within 450m) due to the antenna null effect.

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MainLobe pointing from 1700m to 5000m.

DT
3dB Point

9.64

= ATan

H DF

3dB Point

1/2 VB

DN 1786

D 2649

DF 5000

Antenna Type:K730367; Vertical Beamwidth:9.5 Degree; Site Height:450m; Downtilt:2Degree; Lower 3-dB Point:3800m. [4501/tg(9.5/2+2)=3800m]

Change:
Downtilt:10Degree; Lower 3-dB Point:1700m. Upper 3-dB Point:5000m.

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Water-Region Optimization

Water-Region Optimization

Two-Ray Ground Reflection Model Water-Region Interference Model Chang-Jiang Bridge Optimization

2007-09-15

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Two-Ray Ground Reflection Model

Two-Ray Ground Reflection Model used for pathloss calculation over the water when the incidence angle is small enough and no obstacle exists between the basestation and the mobile. similar to the case of the propagation over the rural flat area.

2007-09-15

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Interference Model
The interference models between water-region and urban ground region are different. In the urban ground area: existence of the obstacles such as buildings, the interference is attenuated quickly due to multiple reflection and diffraction. In the water-region, lots of overshooting interfering signals co-channel and adjacent interference handover disturbance

2007-09-15

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Techniques
Antenna: Select a cell to be the designed server and then tuning antenna to maximize the signal. Antenna Azimuth-and-Downtilt tuning to get rid of the interfering cells. Frequency : Assign cleaner frequency. HCS-Parameter using GSM1800 cell to cover the bride due to cleaner frequency, K-RANK Parameter KOFFSET and KHYST tuning to control the handover sequence. IDLE MODE Parmeter : CRO,PT and PO tuning to control idle mode selection. Single Neighbor definition To control handover behavior to high site.
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Chang-Jiang Bridge

Adjusting Antenna Azimuth and Downtilt of DE027C and DE316B to make them handover in the middle of the bridge in order to deliver the best quality and effect.
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THANKS!

2007-09-15

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