ALTERNATIVE FUELS:ETHANOL

BY RAHUL.N.RAO & RATAN.L.M

Study Outline
Alternative fuels Why Ethanol ? Ethanol and its Sources Properties of Ethanol Manufacturing of Ethanol Advantages of Ethanol

What is Alternative fuel

Alternative fuels known as non-conventional or advanced fuels, are any material or substances that can be used as fuels, other than conventional fuels. Conventional fuels include: fossil fuels (petroleum, coal, propane and natural gas), as well as nuclear materials such as uranium and thorium.

WHY ETHANOL ?
Ethanol is also the only liquid fuel alternative currently available. Other technologies are under consideration, but none with the exception of natural gas is feasible at this time. Fuel cells are still under development and are not economically viable. Electric cars have range drawbacks.

Ethanol
Ethanol is an alcohol-based alternative fuel produced by fermenting and distilling starch crops that have been converted into simple sugars. Sources of Ethanol : Corn, Sugarcane and Grass.

Ethanol Properties
Clear, colorless liquid Alcohol-based fuel produced from starch crops or cellulosic biomass Corn is primary feedstock High-octane fuel As an alternative fuel, most commonly used as E85 (85% ethanol, 15% gasoline)

CH3CH2OH

PRODUCTION of ETHANOL from CORN

Video of Ethanol Production from Corn

PRODUCTION of ETHANOL from SUGAR CANE

Video of Ethanol Production from Sugarcane

Years
24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0

States With 10 or More Years of Fuel Ethanol Use

States With 10 or More Years of Use of Ethanol Blends

11

Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecti Dist. of Florida Georgia Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maryland Michigan Minnesota Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Jersey New New York North North Ohio Oregon Pennsylv South South Tennessee Texas Utah Virginia Washingt W. Virginia Wisconsin

CHEMISTRY of Ethanol

Positive health and political impacts

Health impacts Replaces bad gasoline additives (MTBE and lead), which are sources of surface and ground water contamination, and dangerous to human health.
Political impacts to consumer-voters - It potentially replaces crude oil, which is a finite, non-renewable resource, - It can be domestically produced, thus reducing dependence on oil imports, - It can potentially cut oil import costs.

Positive socio-economic impacts

Ethanol uses agri-products as a feed-stock. It is a renewable source of energy, which can replace fossil fuel in the future. It increases value added and price of agriproducts, which increases net farm income. It creates more jobs in the rural sector. Strengthens rural economies. It can potentially reduce government subsidies to the farm sector.

Positive technical dimensions

High octane content gives value to consumers using high performance engines. When used as a gasoline additive, ethanol is not as poisonous as MTBE and lead, a soluble deposit-controler, an anti-icer, preventing fuel-line freeze up in the winter, and requiring less time to start the vehicle, - richer in octane, an anti-oxidant to reduce gum formation in stored petrol.

Ethanol Car Makers

1. Audi 8. Hyundai 2. Citron 9. Kia Motors Dacia 10.Mercedes 3. Ford,GM Benz 4. Ford Europe 11. Mitsubishi 5. Ford Brazil 12. Nissan 6. Fiat 13. Peugeot 7. Honda 14. Renault 15. Saab 16. koda Auto 17. Toyota 18. Volvo 19. Volkswagen 20. Chrysler

Conclusion
The renewed faith in ethanol as in effective gasoline blended fuel is certainly a welcome step. With the recent commissioning of the pilot plant facilities at a few locations, more and more such initiatives should be forthcoming. The initial run with gasohol could be extended on a large scale, but only with the requisite infrastructure availability in place. As much as the wheels of energy turns, more and more the country will prosper especially the case of India.

Any Questions.?

Thank You