INPP Program

What is INPP?
At INPP, A research and clinical organisation offer completely drug-free and non-invasive treatments, investigating the role of central nervous system dysfunction in specific learning difficulties and anxiety disorders.

What is Neuro Developmental Delay?

Each one of us is born with a set of primitive reflexes (sometimes known as survival reflexes). If these primitive reflexes are not fully integrated during infancy, control of voluntary, skilled and complex movements can be affected. This is known as Neuro Developmental Delay (NDD)

Possible Causes of Neuro Developmental Delay (NDD)

NDD Symptoms Include

Attention Problems Coordination Problems Difficulty in Physical Education Difficulty Learning to Swim Difficulty Riding Bikes Difficulty Telling the Time Inability to Sit Still or Remain Silent Maths Problems Mixed Laterality Poor Eye-Hand Coordination Reading Problems Speech and Articulation Problems Travel Sickness Writing Problems

NDD Conditions Managed

Agoraphobia Anxiety & Panic Disorder Attention Deficit Disorder Auditory Processing Disorder Dyscalculia Dysgraphia Dyslexia Dyspraxia

How does it work?

An initial, non-invasive assessment is followed up with a simple, progressive 10 minute daily exercise programme monitored and developed over the school year. Exercises can be performed as part of a general physical education class or outside school hours.

 Progress will be monitored at intervals of eight weeks, and the exercises adapted according to progress. On average, treatments last for approximately one year.
Either Child Screening Questionnaire or Adult Screening Questionnaire Initial Consultation Diagnostic Assessment and Home Exercise Programme Report Reading, 1st Review and Audiometric Assessment (if required) Follow up Reviews

Benefits
Effective results for 8 out of 10 children Combating the development of learning difficulties Controlling impulse Reducing the tendency to be easily distracted More effective learning Increased periods of calm, alertness and focus

Research
Improving Educational Attainment Through Movement Programmes
2006 Hunter Pauline MA, University of Middlesex This effectiveness of a developmental exercise programme, designed to be used with children with special needs. 2005 Goddard Blythe SA* Releasing educational potential through movement. Child Care in Practice, Volume 11/4: 415 432. 2003 Preedy P, ODonovon C, Scott J, Wolinski R* Exercises for learning a Beacon Project between Knowle CE Primary School and Kingsley Preparatory School. 2003 Jndling M* A follow-up study of a group of children, two years after they had completed the INPP Developmental Exercise Programme for Schools. Results demonstrated that the children had maintained the gains they had made two years earlier. 2002 Bertram S* A report prepared for The Birmingham Core Skills Partnership studying learning enhancement through reflex inhibition. 2001 Pettman H* This study demonstrated the effects of developmental exercise movements on children with persistent primary reflexes and reading difficulties using a controlled trial.

Research
2001 Bein-Wierzbinski W* This paper studied children with specific learning difficulties, persistent primitive reflexes in elementary school children and the effect on oculo-motor and visual perception. 2000 Lancet, McPhillps, Hepper and Mulhern* A double blind controlled study examining the effects of replicating primary reflex movements on specific reading difficulties in children. 1997 University of Indianapolis* ODell and Cooke found Benders exercises based on movements involving creeping (crawling) against resistance were of value in overcoming hyperactivity. Stopping Hyperactivity A New Solution (Avery Pubs, NY). 1989 Faulkner P (Bucks School)* A study investigating the effects of a reflex stimulation and inhibition programme on reading. Dala Clinic Report* Gothenberg examined the impact of a reflex inhibition programme on educational achievement in a group of 15 children diagnosed with specific learning difficulties. NB: *Indicates use of INPP Programme

Research
Reflex Stimulation and Inhibition Programmes
2005 Goddard Blythe SA* Releasing educational potential through movement. Child Care in Practice, Volume 11/4: 415 432. Research into the relationship between abnormal reflexes and reading problems, and the efficacy of The INPP Programme for Schools is ongoing in several schools in Northumberland and Tyne and Wear. 2004 Taylor M, Houghton S, Chapman E Primitive reflexes and Attention Deficit Disorder: developmental origins of classroom dysfunction. International Journal of Special Education (Vol. 19/1) 2003 Kesper G This paper studies the effects of persisting infantile reflexes on motor behaviour and central processing. 2001 Goddard Blythe SA This study examined Neuro-Developmental factors in 54 children who had received an independent diagnosis of dyslexia. All participants displayed evidence of abnormal ATNR and TLR, together with other NeuroDevelopmental factors. 1998 British Journal of Occupational Therapy Goddard Blythe and Hyland researched the reliability of a screening questionnaire to identify children who might have a degree of underlying NDD. Screening for Neurological Dysfunction in the Specific Learning Difficulty Child (10/98).

Research
1994 University of Newcastle-Upon-Tyne Wilkinson replicated Riders study and found a link between abnormal primitive reflexes, learning difficulty and underachievement. 1976 University of Purdue Bender examined the effect of one reflex the STNR on education and found it present in 75% of a group of learning disabled children. It was not present in a comparison group of children with no history of learning disabilities. She developed exercises designed to inhibit the STNR and many children improved. The Bender Purdue Reflex Test (Academic Therapy Publications, CA). 1971 University of Kansas Rider (O.T.) assessed the prevalence of abnormal reflex responses by comparing normal second grade children to a group of learning disabled children. Children with normal reflexes scored consistently higher on achievement tests than those with abnormal reflexes. 1970 University of Kansas Gustaffson (O.T.) compared the reflex levels of a group of neurologically impaired children with a group of children with no known neurological impairment and found all the children with neurological impairment had abnormal reflexes. NB: This list is only a sample of research in the field. NB: *Indicates use of INPP Programme

 For more detail and evaluation Drvardhman.jain@gmail.com