andragogy

definition
Andragogy : andr- meaning 'man and agogos meaning 'leading'

Andragogy by Alexander Kapp (a German educator) in 1833: consists of learning strategies focused on teaching adults. It is often interpreted as the process of engaging adult learners in the structure of the learning experience.

was developed into a theory of adult education by the American educator, Malcolm Knowles: Knowles' theory of andragogy is an attempt to develop a theory specifically for adult learning. Knowles emphasizes that adults are self-directed and expect to take responsibility for decisions. Adult learning programs must accommodate this fundamental aspect

Knowles' assumptions
The need to know adult learners need to know why they need to learn something before undertaking to learn it. Learner self-concept adults need to be responsible for their own decisions and to be treated as capable of self-direction Role of learners' experience adult learners have a variety of experiences of life which represent the richest resource for learning. These experiences are however imbued with bias and presupposition.

 Readiness to learn adults are ready to learn those things they need to know in order to cope effectively with life situations. Orientation to learning adults are motivated to learn to the extent that they perceive that it will help them perform tasks they confront in their life situations.

Effective communication

Definition
effective :having an effect; producing a result

Communication : the process to impart information from a sender to a receiver.

Effective communication is transmission or receptions of signal message by organism which can be understood well by both message sender and receiver.

Communication can be occur because human can give message, reseives, and translate the message which is said by the other people

There are some factors of communication

Communicator is the people who give the message to the other people Message a group of sign which is contain of specific meaning Aim the reason that force someone to give the message

 Metodology is the metode that used to tell the message Receiver the person who receive message Feedbeck feedback is behave which is expected after a message is given

Nonverbal communication is made up of the following parts: Visual Tactile Vocal Use of time, space, and image

Visual: This often called body language and includes facial expression, eye movement, posture, and gestures Tactile: This involves the use of touch to impart meaning as in a handshake, a pat on the back, an arm around the shoulder, a kiss, or a hug

Vocal: The meaning of words can be altered significatnly by changing the intonation of one's voice. Use of Time as Nonverbal Communication: Use of time can communicate how we view our own status and power in relation to others. Think about how a subordinate and his/her boss would view arriving at a place for an agreed upon meeting

 Nonverbal cues can play five roles: Repetition: they can repeat the message the person is making verbally Contradiction: they can contradict a message the individual is trying to convey Substitution: they can substitute for a verbal message. For example, a person's eyes can often convery a far more vivid message than words and often do

 Complementing: they may add to or complement a vebal message. A boss who pats a person on the back in addition to giving praise can increase the impact of the message Accenting: non-verbal communication may accept or underline a verbal message. Pounding the table, for example, can underline a message.