Types

Parking Brake
Service Brake Hydraulic
Disc Brakes
Drum Brakes Dual System

Antilock Brake System (ABS)

Play Principles of Braking

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Brake System Principles

Kinetic

Energy Mass Weight Speed Inertia and Momentum

Coefficient of Friction Video

Parking Brake
Not an Emergency Brake Used specifically to keep a parked

vehicle from moving Usually on rear wheels only Mechanically operated

Static Friction: at rest friction- More

friction Kinetic Friction: in motion frictionless friction

Typical Parking Brake

Play Parking Break Video

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Play Parking Brake Adjustment Video

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Service Brakes
Primary Braking System Should be stronger than the

engine Hydraulic Operated

assisted Disc System Drum System Dual System

Can be Vacuum, Hydro or Motor

Typical System

Hydraulic Principles
Fluids cannot be compressed Fluids can transmit Movement Acts Like a steel rod in a closed container Master cylinder transmits fluid to wheel cylinder or caliper piston bore. Fluids can transmit and increase

force

Force Area

Pressure

Hydraulics
Simplified Hydraulic Brake System

Drum Brake
Master Cylinder

Disk Brake

Hydraulic pressure is distributed equally in all directions

Same line pressure to all wheels

The Hydraulic pressure is the same, but the applied force can be changed by the piston size

The applied pressure can be raised or lowered by piston size

Play Hydraulic Pressure Video

Brake Pedal Design

Advantage by Leverage
First Mechanical

Advantage is Drivers foot Length of Lever determines force applied Uses Fulcrum Pedal Ratio
10 2 5:1 2.5 inches 5 0.5 inch

Play Break Pedal Leverage Video

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System Basics
Hydraulic

actuation allows multiplication of pedal force. In this system, a 10lb force on the pedal produces 360 lbs of force at the friction surface.

Play Break Lines & Hose Video

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Brake Fluid
Properties of Brake Fluid Does not thicken or then with changing heat Must not boil Must be compatible with brake parts material Must lubricate internal parts Must not evaporate easily

Brake Fluid types

DOT= Department of Transportation High #= High stands, quality and boiling point DOT 3 and 4 DOT 5 Polyglycol based Most common

Compatible with

one another Inexpensive Destroys paint Ruined by moister

Silicone Based Used only for heavy duty applications Not Compatible with 4&5 Very Expensive Does not damage paint

Fluid Contaminates
Moister- Lowers boiling point water boils @ 212*F DOT 3 boils @ 401*F
Petroleum Based Product soften rubber parts causing swelling Dirt & Debris causes corrosion and clogs

Air and Vapors Compressible prevents pressure from reaching brakes

Play Break Fluid Video

Master Cylinder
Provides a reservoir for brake fluid and

contains the driving pistons in the hydraulic circuit 2 Types Front - Rear split
-One piston for front brakes and one for rear -If a leak occurs you could lose front brakes

Diagonally split
-One piston drives one front wheel and one rear wheel -Diagonal layout allows you to maintain directional control if a leak occurs

Play Tandem Master Cylinder Video

Play Divide System Video

Power Booster in closed position

Play Power Booster Video

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Drum Brakes
Expanding shoes

create force on the inner surface of the drum Used on the rear of some trucks and SUVs Self-energizing design requires less activation force Require periodic adjustment

Drum Brake System

Vented Rotors
Vented Rotors have Fins in the spaces between their machined surfaces. These spaces allow air to pass through, which helps carry heat away.

Nonvented Rotor
Non Vented Rotors are used on smaller vehicles, and have no cooling fins

Play Brake Disc Video

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Disc Brake Caliper Assembly

Caliper Types
There are 2 types of Calipers
Fixed
Calipers are disc brakes that use a caliper that

is FIXED in position and does not slide. They have pistons on both sides of the disc. There may be 2 or 4 pistons per caliper

Floating
Much more common

Single Piston
Easier to work with On inboard side of caliper

Fixed Caliper
Motorcycles and some import trucks and cars use this type Similar to bicycle brakes

Sliding Caliper
Applies pressure

to two pads on opposite sides of rotor Caliper

Sliding Fixed

Friction Material

exposed to air

Fixed Caliper
Applies two

pistons to opposite sides of rotor Caliper stays stationary Disc Brakes require higher hydraulic pressure

Play Disc Brake Calipers Video

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Diagnosis
Several different types of Complaints
Noise Pulsation Pedal travel More later

Brake Noise
Wear Indicator

Brake Pulsation
Usually a warped Rotor
Rotor needs trued on a brake lathe

Pedal Travel
Excessive pedal travel
Pedal feels soft and squishy Requires excessive effort to stop vehicle or my cause brakes to not function at all
NO BRAKES!!!!

Play Drum Brake Inspection Video

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Play Disc Brake Inspection Video

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Anti-Lock Brakes
A locked (sliding) wheel offers less

braking force than a decelerating rolling wheel The locked wheel also produces little lateral force, preventing steering control Anti-Lock systems (ABS) monitor wheel lock-up and modulate brake pressure to provide controlled braking under most circumstances

Play ABS Principles Video

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Anti-Lock Brakes
System can have 2, 3 or 4 channels Trucks typically use 3 channel with

only one sensor for the rear axle Most modern cars use 4 channel system Wheel speed sensors monitor each wheel speed ABS controller and high-pressure pump increase or reduce pressure to wheels in order to maintain consistent wheel speeds

Play ABS video

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Play Drum, Disc, & ABS Video

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Other Braking Systems

Air Brakes
Exhaust Brakes Electric or Trailer Brake

Play Disc Brake Replacement Video

Play Replacing The Rotor Video

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Play Drum Brake Replacement Video

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