COMMUNAL CLASHES

Riots in India
CONTENTS
Introduction
Major Riots in India
Violation of Laws
Major Contributors
Case Studies
Tackle
Conclusion
INTRODUCTION
RIOTS OR RIGHTS ?
Riot is a form of ciil disorder c!aracteri"ed
b# disor$ani"ed $rou%s&
Riots often occur in reaction to a %erceied $rieance
or out of dissent &
Riots t#%icall# inole andalism and t!e destruction
of %riate and %ublic %ro%ert#&
COMMUNAL RIOTS
Communal riots !ae become a
distinct feature of communalism in
India&
'!eneer conflictin$ $rou%s from
two different reli$ions( w!ic! are
self)conscious communities( clas!(
it results in a communal riot&
Communal Riots*contd&+
,n eent is identified as a communal riot if

*a+ t!ere is iolence( and
*b+ two or
more communall# identified $rou%s
confront eac! ot!er or members of t!e
ot!er $rou% at some %oint durin$ t!e
iolence&
Communal Riots*contd&+
T!e reason for suc! a clas! could be-
a+ Communal tentions
b+ Reli$ion based %olitics
c+ Intensit# of electoral com%etition
d+ Rumours
Impact of the riots
Loss of lies and %ro%erties&
.eo%le feel more t!reatened&
T!reat to societ# and culture&
Riots make c!ildren t!e worst ictim&
/conomic !ards!i%&
. List of states in the sample
(sorted by the average number of riots)
State Total years Average no. of HinduMusli riots Average gro!t" rate# 0+
1& Gujarat 12 13&41 2&41
5& Ma!aras!tra 12 6&12 2&72
3& 8ttar .rades! 12 4&99 5&91
2& :arnataka 12 2&23 3&71
;& <i!ar 12 5&41 9&73
7& ,nd!ra .rades! 12 5&94 3&31
4& 'est <en$al 12 1&23 3&3=
6& Rajast!an 12 1&37 2&31
=& Mad!#a .rades! 12 1&5= 5&19
19& Tamil >adu 12 9&=3 2&55
11& ,ssam 12 9&41 9&=7
15& :erala 12 9&;4 3&3=
13& Orissa 12 9&23 5&55
12& Har#ana 12 9&19 2&13
1;& .unjab 12 9&99 3&11
*data obsered oer t!e %eriod of 1=67 to 1===+
?ournal of .eace Researc!
T!e 'orld <ank
$I%%&ST INCID&NTS
T!e 1=24 @%o%ulation eAc!an$es@ at t!e
%artition of India( resultin$ in an estimated
;99(999 deat!s&
T!e 1=62 anti)Sik! riots(
T!e 1==5 <omba# Riots(
T!e 5995 Gujarat iolence
VIOL,TIO> OB L,'S
Violation of Constitution of India
Section14,1,1!,"#,"1,"","$,"!,%",%!A and #.
Violation of Indian &enal Code of 1!$#'Section 1"#( in
con)unction *it+ %#",Sections 1%,1$$,1,1,1-$,1-,,1!!,

"#%,"!A and #$.
Violation of&/inci0les of Inte/national La*'0assed unde/ U.N.
1esolution "$#A'a00lica2le section unde/ a/ticles 1 to !.
Violation of U.N. 3ecla/ations of Hu4an 1i5+ts'A/ticles 1 to %#.
Ma)o/ Cont/i2uto/s
Role of most im%ortant
%la#ers in s%readin$
of communal iolence-

'OLITICIANS

COMMONS

'OLIC&
Case
Studies
Delhi Sikh Massacre
DRIVI! "#$%&R
O(eration Blue Star was
an Indian militar#
o%eration w!ic! took %lace
3C6 ?une 1=62( ordered
b# .rime Minister
Indira Gand!i in order to
remoe
?arnail Sin$! <!indranwale
and !is armed followers
from t!e Harmandir Sa!ib
in ,mritsar(.unjab&
"I don't give a damn if the Golden Temple
and whole of Amritsar are destroyed, I want
Bhindranwale dead."

(Indira Gandhi, Indian Prime

inister!
What happened in Delhi?
October 31, 1984:Outcome of
OPER!"O# $%&E '!R
(9)*+ am: "ndira ,andhi -a. .hot b/
t-o of her .ecurit/ 0uard. at her
re.idence
(11 am: nnouncement on ll "ndia
Radio .pecif/in0 that the 0uard. -ho
.hot "ndira ,andhi -ere 'i1h.)
D&MOLITION O) $A$RI MOS*U&
Histor#
Ha%%enin$ on site
International Reaction
Liber!an Commission
Verdict
!'(#R#%
RI&%S
Location
Reason
Communities inoled
InDuir# Commission
Result