Potencial de Accin

Biologa. (2007). Campbell, N. A. y

Reece, J.B. Sptima edicin. Editorial
Mdica Panamericana. Madrid
LE 48-9
Microelectrode
Reference
electrode
Voltage
recorder
70 mV
LE 48-10
CYTOSOL EXTRACELLULAR
FLUID
[Na
+
]
15 mM
[K
+
]
150 mM
[A

]
100 mM
[Na
+
]
150 mM
[K
+
]
5 mM
[Cl

]
120 mM
[Cl

]
10 mM
Plasma
membrane
LE 48-11
150 mM
KCl
Inner
chamber
Outer
chamber
92 mV
Potassium
channel
Membrane selectively permeable to K
+
Membrane selectively permeable to Na
+

5 mM
KCl
Artificial
membrane
K
+

Cl

150 mM
NaCl
Inner
chamber
Outer
chamber
+62 mV
Sodium
channel
15 mM
NaCl
Na
+

Cl

LE 48-12
Hyperpolarizations
Graded potential hyperpolarizations Graded potential depolarizations
5
Time (msec)
Resting
potential
4 3 2 1 0
Threshold
100
50
0
M
e
m
b
r
a
n
e

p
o
t
e
n
t
i
a
l

(
m
V
)

Stimuli
+50
Depolarizations
5
Time (msec)
Resting
potential
4 3 2 1 0
Threshold
100
50
0
M
e
m
b
r
a
n
e

p
o
t
e
n
t
i
a
l

(
m
V
)

Stimuli
+50
Action potential
5
Time (msec)
Resting
potential
4 3 2 1 0
Threshold
100
50
0
M
e
m
b
r
a
n
e

p
o
t
e
n
t
i
a
l

(
m
V
)

Stronger depolarizing stimulus
+50
Action
potential
6
LE 48-13_1
Resting potential
Threshold
M
e
m
b
r
a
n
e

p
o
t
e
n
t
i
a
l

(
m
V
)

Action
potential
Time
100
50
+50
0
Potassium
channel
Extracellular fluid
Plasma membrane
Na
+

Resting state
Inactivation
gate
Activation
gates
Sodium
channel
K
+

Cytosol
LE 48-13_2
Resting potential
Threshold
M
e
m
b
r
a
n
e

p
o
t
e
n
t
i
a
l

(
m
V
)

Action
potential
Time
100
50
+50
0
Potassium
channel
Extracellular fluid
Plasma membrane
Na
+

Resting state
Inactivation
gate
Activation
gates
Sodium
channel
K
+

Cytosol
Na
+

Depolarization
K
+

Na
+

LE 48-13_3
Resting potential
Threshold
M
e
m
b
r
a
n
e

p
o
t
e
n
t
i
a
l

(
m
V
)

Action
potential
Time
100
50
+50
0
Potassium
channel
Extracellular fluid
Plasma membrane
Na
+

Resting state
Inactivation
gate
Activation
gates
Sodium
channel
K
+

Cytosol
Na
+

Depolarization
K
+

Na
+

Na
+

Rising phase of the action potential
K
+

Na
+

LE 48-13_4
Resting potential
Threshold
M
e
m
b
r
a
n
e

p
o
t
e
n
t
i
a
l

(
m
V
)

Action
potential
Time
100
50
+50
0
Potassium
channel
Extracellular fluid
Plasma membrane
Na
+

Resting state
Inactivation
gate
Activation
gates
Sodium
channel
K
+

Cytosol
Na
+

Depolarization
K
+

Na
+

Na
+

Rising phase of the action potential
K
+

Na
+

Na
+

Falling phase of the action potential
K
+

Na
+

LE 48-13_5
Resting potential
Threshold
M
e
m
b
r
a
n
e

p
o
t
e
n
t
i
a
l

(
m
V
)

Action
potential
Time
100
50
+50
0
Potassium
channel
Extracellular fluid
Plasma membrane
Na
+

Resting state
Inactivation
gate
Activation
gates
Sodium
channel
K
+

Cytosol
Na
+

Depolarization
K
+

Na
+

Na
+

Rising phase of the action potential
K
+

Na
+

Na
+

Falling phase of the action potential
K
+

Na
+

Na
+

Undershoot
K
+

Na
+

LE 48-14a
An action potential is generated as Na
+
flows inward across
the membrane at one location.
Na
+

Action
potential
Axon
LE 48-14b
An action potential is generated as Na
+
flows inward across
the membrane at one location.
Na
+
Action
potential
Axon
Na
+

Action
potential K+
The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the
neighboring region of the membrane, re-initiating the action
potential there. To the left of this region, the membrane is
repolarizing as K
+
flows outward.
K+
LE 48-14c
An action potential is generated as Na
+
flows inward
across the membrane at one location.
Na
+

Action
potential
Axon
Na
+

Action
potential K
+

The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the
neighboring region of the membrane, re-initiating the
action potential there. To the left of this region, the
membrane is repolarizing as K
+
flows outward.
K
+

Na
+

Action
potential K
+
The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the
next region of the membrane. In this way, local currents of
ions across the plasma membrane cause the action
potential to be propagated along the length of the axon.
K
+

LE 48-15
Cell body
Schwann cell
Depolarized region
(node of Ranvier)
Myelin
sheath
Axon
LE 48-16
Postsynaptic
neuron
Synaptic
terminals
of pre-
synaptic
neurons
5

m

LE 48-17
Postsynaptic cell
Presynaptic
cell
Synaptic vesicles
containing
neurotransmitter
Presynaptic
membrane
Voltage-gated
Ca
2+
channel
Ca
2+

Postsynaptic
membrane
Postsynaptic
membrane
Neuro-
transmitter
Ligand-
gated
ion channel
Na
+

K
+

Ligand-gated
ion channels
Synaptic cleft
LE 48-18
Postsynaptic
neuron
Terminal branch
of presynaptic
neuron
E
1
E
1

Axon
hillock
E
1

E
2

E
1

I
Action
potential
E
1
E
1
+ E
2
Spatial summation
of EPSP and IPSP
Spatial summation
I E
1
+ I

Action
potential
E
1
Temporal summation
E
1
Threshold of axon of
postsynaptic neuron
E
1
Subthreshold, no
summation
E
1
Resting
potential
M
e
m
b
r
a
n
e

p
o
t
e
n
t
i
a
l

(
m
V
)

70
0