CUSHING'S

SYNDROME
Lu Lydia Sylvia Putri
03011170
DEFINITION

Cushing's syndrome occurs when your body is
exposed to high levels of the hormone cortisol for a
long time. The most common cause of Cushing's
syndrome, sometimes called hypercortisolism, is
the use of oral corticosteroid medication. The
condition can also occur when your body makes too
much cortisol.

ETIOLOGY
Cushing's syndrome results from excess levels of the
hormone cortisol in your body. Your endocrine system consists
of glands that produce hormones, such as cortisol, that
regulate processes throughout your body. These glands
include the adrenal glands, pituitary gland, thyroid gland,
parathyroid glands, pancreas, ovaries (in females) and
testicles (in men).

PATHOPHISIOLOGY
Excess levels of either exogenously administered
glucocorticoids or endogenous overproduction of
cortisol causes Cushing syndrome. Endogenous
glucocorticoid overproduction or hypercortisolism
that is independent of ACTH is usually due to a
primary adrenocortical neoplasm (usually an
adenoma but rarely a carcinoma). Bilateral
micronodular hyperplasia and macronodular
hyperplasia are rare causes of Cushing syndrome.

EPIDEMIOLOGY

Cushings syndrome is more frequent in men than
in women




Age
The peak incidence of Cushing syndrome due to
either an adrenal or pituitary adenoma is in persons
aged 25-40 years.


SYMPTOMS

The signs and symptoms of Cushing's syndrome
vary.
Common signs and symptoms involve
progressive obesity and skin changes, such as:
moon face and buffalo hump

Pink or purple stretch marks (striae)

Acne

Women with Cushing's syndrome may
experience:
Thicker or more visible body and facial hair
(hirsutism)
Irregular or absent menstrual periods
Men with Cushing's syndrome may experience:
Decreased libido
Decreased fertility
Erectile dysfunction



TESTS AND DIAGNOSIS

Urine and blood tests

Saliva test

Imaging tests.

TREATMENTS AND DRUGS

Reducing corticosteroid use

Surgery.

Radiation therapys

Medications.
Medications to control excessive production of
cortisol include ketoconazole (Nizoral), mitotane
(Lysodren) and metyrapone (Metopirone).

COMPLICATIONS

Bone loss (osteoporosis), which can result in
unusual bone fractures, such as rib fractures and
fractures of the bones in the feet
High blood pressure (hypertension)
Diabetes
Frequent or unusual infections
Loss of muscle mass and strength

HOW TO PREVENT?
Lifestyle
Increase activities slowly.
Eat sensibly
Monitor your mental.
Exercise your brain
CONCLUSION
Cushing's syndrome occurs when your body is
exposed to high levels of the hormone cortisol for a
long time.

Cushings syndrome is more frequent in men than
in women
So we must have a healthy lifestyle, especially in
men so that we can avoid this disease