Frequency Distribution

A frequency distribution is a is a grouping of

data into mutually exclusive categories showing
the number of observations in each class.
.
Two types frequency distributions are:
1. Numerical
Frequency distribution that has quantitative group
in each class.
2. Categorical
Frequency distribution that has qualitative group
in each class.


Determining the question to be addressed

Constructing frequency distribution is a part in describe
datas the we collect.

Determining the question to be addressed

Collecting raw data

Determining the question to be addressed

Collecting raw data

Organizing data (frequency distribution)


Determining the question to be addressed

Collecting raw data

Organizing data (frequency distribution)

Presenting data (graph)

Determining the question to be addressed

Collecting raw data

Organizing data (frequency distribution)

Presenting data (graph)
Drawing conclusions

Terminologies in Frequency Distribution
Class Limit: Numbers that separate between two
classes. Two kinds are lower class and upper class.
Class Frequency: The number of
observations in each class.
Class Boundary: A midpoint between a
lower class limit and upper class limit for
the previous class.
Weekly Earnings
Number of
Employees, f
301 400 9
401 500 16
501 600 33
601 700 20
701 800 14
801 900 8
Total number of employees 100
Fifth class
Lower limit of
the sixth class
Upper limit of
the sixth class
Frequency of
the third class
Class
boundary ?
Class Midpoint: A point that divides a class into
two equal parts. This is the average of the upper
and lower class limits.
Open Class : Class
that have no upper
limit.
Class interval: The class
interval is obtained by
subtracting the lower limit of
a class from the lower limit of
the next class. The class
intervals should be equal.
Weekly Earnings
Number of
Employees
301 400 9
401 500 16
501 600 33
601 700 20
701 800 14
801 900 8
Total number of employees 100
Midpoint is (301+400)/2 = 350,5
Class Interval is
?
Class Interval is
?
A Relative Frequency Distribution shows the percent of
observations in each class.
Cumulative Frequency Distribution is used to
determine how many or what proportion of the data
values are below or above a certain value.

Weekly
Earnings
Number of
Employees

Relative
frequency
Commulative
frequency
301 400 9 9/100 9
401 500 16 16/100 25
501 600 33 33/100 58
601 700 20 20/100 78
701 800 14 14/100 92
801 900 8 8/100 100
Total number of
employees
100 1
The three commonly used graphic forms are
Histograms, Polygons, and a Cumulative
Frequency distribution.
A Histogram is a graph in which the class midpoints or
limits are marked on the horizontal axis and the class
frequencies on the vertical axis.
The class frequencies are represented by the heights of the
bars and the bars are drawn adjacent to each other.
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A Frequency Polygon consists of line segments
connecting the points formed by the class midpoint
and the class frequency.
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Construct frequency distribution
1. Sort raw data in ascending order
2. Decide on the number of classes using the formula
k = 1 + 3,322 log n
where k=number of classes
n=number of observations
3. Determine the class interval or width using the
formula


4. Set the individual class limits
5. Tally and count the number of items in each class.

H L
k
6. Construct the frequency distribution and complete with
class midpoint, relative frequency, and Cumulative
Frequency

Example: A manufacturer of winter coat
randomly selects 20 winter days and
records the daily temperature.
24, 35, 17, 21, 24, 37, 26, 46, 58, 30,
32, 13, 12, 38, 41, 43, 44, 27, 53, 27
1. Sort raw data in ascending order:

2. Class number :
3. Class interval :
4. Set the individual class limit and construct the
frequency distribution
Interval Tally Fi Midpoint
Total 20 20 1
Relative
Frequency
Interval
Cumulative
Frequency
Cumulative
Frequency
Frequency
Histogram: Daily High Temperature
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