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NDIVIDUALISM
AGULTO, Nicole ROQUE, Megan 2M9
DALISAY, Jessica SANDOVAL, Hazel

What is an
individual?
HISTORICAL CONTEXT
The term individualism was first coined in the nineteenth
century, initially around 1820 in French
individuality indviduus, meaning not dividable or
inseparable)
psychology, sociology, or political science
Confucius (551479 b.c.e.)
Meng-Tzu (c. 371298 b.c.e.; romanized as Mencius
Daoism / particularly Neo-Daoism
Daoist Chuang Tzu (fourth century b.c.e.)
Socrates (469399 b.c.e.)
Democritus (c. 460c. 370 b.c.e.)
Protagoras of Abdera (c. 485420 b.c.e.)
HISTORICAL CONTEXT
19
th
century-The concept of individualism is rooted in the
philosophy of the Enlightenment
These include the instrinsic value of the individual human
being, autonomy or self-direction, privacy, self-development,
political individualism, economic individualism, religious
individualism, and ethical individualism.
20
th
century-Emile Durkheim, Georg Simmel, Norbert Elias, and
John Dewey
1930s-Dewey was concerned with what he saw as the
decline of the old-fashioned individual and individualism and
the need to create a new individualism suitable for modern
conditions.
HISTORICAL CONTEXT
Lawrence Friedman - a fundamental shift in the conceptualization
of individualism during the 20
th
century.
19
th
century-conceived of as relevant in the public spheres of
economics and politics; private life was still guided by long-
standing tradition that de-emphasized the individual in relation to
the social group.
20
th
century- extended from the public to the private,
encompassing the matters of lifestyle and self-expression that most
contemporary Americans tend to think of when discussing
individuality.
For roughly the past thirty years, discussions of individualism
typically have closely associated the concept with liberal political
theory
John Rawls theory of justice- hugely influential in contemporary
liberal theory.
HISTORICAL CONTEXT
Core of the theory are the premises that society is a
cooperative venture for mutual advantage and that the
justness of any form of social order must be evaluated on the
basis of its benefit to individuals.
Arblasters assertion-the metaphysical and ontological core of
liberalism is individualismIn this way of thinking the individual
comes before society in every sense.
David Conway-means and ends as fundamental to classical
liberal political theory
Colin Bird- challenges the assumption that the ideals of the
liberal political tradition should be viewed as exclusively
individualistic.
Individualism is a moral, political
or social outlook that stresses
human independence and the
importance of individual self-
reliance and liberty.

INDIVIDUALISM
Emphasizes the
moral worth of
the individual


INDIVIDUALISM
Regards every man as an
independent, sovereign entity
who possesses an inalienable right
to his own life, a right derived from
his nature as a rational being

INDIVIDUALISM
Individualism holds that a civilized
society, or any form of association,
cooperation or peaceful
coexistence among men, can be
achieved only on the basis of the
recognition of individual rights
INDIVIDUALISM
o The mind is an
attribute of the
individual.
o There is no such thing
as a collective brain.
There is no such thing
as a collective
thought.
INDIVIDUALISM
According to the individualist, all
values are human-centered, the
individual is of supreme
importance, and all individuals are
morally equal.

INDIVIDUALISM
Individualism places great value on
self-reliance, on privacy, and on
mutual respect.
Negatively, it embraces opposition to
authority and to all manner of controls
over the individual.

ETHICAL INDIVIDUALISM, then, is
the position that individual
conscience or reason is the only
moral rule, and there is no
objective authority or standard
which it is bound to take into
account.
ETHICAL INDIVIDUALISM
An Ethical Individualist
Is a knowing doer
acts out of knowledge
feels a part of each life situation but doesnt
allow himself to be determine by it
not predetermined by a character or
authority
his actions are purely and simple by its own
ideal content

ETHICAL INDIVIDUALISM
Makes use of observational analysis and
scientific thinking
Conceptual analysis selecting an ethical
principle
Considers universalized or generalized
concepts versus specific details
pure concepts; pure reasoning
ETHICAL INDIVIDUALISM
Developing the ability to enter into pure
reasoning is the key element in becoming a
free-thinking ethical individuals
carries out an action that originates within
himself
uses creative imagination to determine
goals to strive for
ETHICAL INDIVIDUALISM
An ethical individualist is imaginative and
innovative
Transform the world through their idealistic
imagination without violating the natural laws
Great ideals content of his own being
Turning his intuitions into reality (highest
pleasure of an ethical individualist)
Self-empowered (love for deed)
Ethical Issue:
Is Individualism about
being self-centered?
Misconception about
Individualism
Individualism means isolation
-being alone, being outside
society
Philosophical Implications
individual responsibility
being pro-active, making ones choices
consciously and carefully, and accepting
accountability for everything one does - or
fails to do
Nothing nature gives men is entirely suited to
their survival; Humans must work to transform
their environment to meet their needs.

Philosophical Implications
Each person must earn a living, must
earn the love and respect of his
peers, the self-esteem and the
happiness that make life worth living
Each person acts to achieve his own
happiness

Philosophical Implications
Reason is the faculty of conceptual
awareness
No person can think for another
Each creative step beyond the already
known is a product of the individual
Humans are rational beings
Humans can share the products of reason
but they cannot share the capacity to think


People who merely preach
ethical codes without being able
to think and turn then into plan of
actions are MORALLY
UNPRODUCTIVE.
Recognizes
INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS,
LIBERTY, FREEDOM,
INEDEPENDENT
ACTIONS
RESPONSIBILITY
making one's choices consciously
and carefully, and accepting
accountability for everything one
does or fails to do

GROUP
LEARNINGS



I will not run anyones life nor let
anyone run mine. I will not rule nor
be ruled. I will not be a master nor a
slave. I will not sacrifice myself to
anyone nor sacrifice anyone to
myself.

THANK YOU!