TOGAF 9

Fundamental
Romi Satria Wahono
romi@romisatriawahono.net
http://romisatriawahono.net
081586220090
Romi Satria Wahono
2
SD Sompok Semarang (1987)
SMPN 8 Semarang (1990)
SMA Taruna Nusantara Magelang (1993)
B.Eng, M.Eng and Dr.Eng (on-leave)
Department of Computer Science
Saitama University, Japan (1994-2004)
Research Interests: Software Engineering and
Intelligent Systems
Founder IlmuKomputer.Com
LIPI Researcher (2004-2007)
Founder and CEO PT Brainmatics Cipta Informatika
Textbooks
3
Course Outline
1. Introduction
2. Basic Concepts
3. Core Concepts
4. Key Terminology
5. ADM Introduction
6. UML Introduction
7. TOGAF Case Study


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PreTest
1. Apa tugas atau pekerjaan utama anda saat ini?
2. Apa itu enterprise architecture dan mengapa kita harus
menggunakannya?
3. Apa itu enterprise architecture framework dan mengapa
kita harus menggunakannya?
4. Modelkan business process dari requirement di bawah
dengan use case diagram dan activity diagram/bpmn!


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1. Introduction
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1.1 What and Why Enterprise
Architecture
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What is an Enterprise?
A collection of organizations that share a
common set of goals, such as a government
agency, part of a corporation, or a
corporation in its entirety
Large corporations may comprise multiple
enterprises
An extended enterprise can include
partners, suppliers, and customers
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What is Architecture?
The organizational structure of a system or
component
(IEEE Standard 610, Standard Computer Dictionary: A Compilation of
IEEE Standard Computer Glossaries)

The fundamental organization of a system
embodied in its components, their relationships
to each other, and to the environment, and the
principles guiding its design and evolution
(IEEE Standard 1471, IEEE Recommended Practice for Architectural
Description of Software-Intensive Systems)


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What is Architecture?
1. A formal description of a system, or a
detailed plan of the system at a component
level to guide its implementation
2. The structure of components, their inter-
relationships, and the principles and
guidelines governing their design and
evolution over time
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What is Enterprise
Architecture?
The organizing logic for business processes and IT
infrastructure reflecting the integration and
standardization requirements of the firms
operating model
(MIT Center for Information Systems Research)


A conceptual blueprint that defines the
structure and operation of an organization.
The intent of an enterprise architecture is to
determine how an organization can most
effectively achieve its current and future
objectives
(SearchCIO.com)
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12
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Why do I Need an Enterprise
Architecture (EA)?
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Why do I Need an Enterprise
Architecture (EA)?
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Why do I Need an Enterprise
Architecture (EA)?
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Why do I Need an Enterprise
Architecture (EA)?
21
Why do I Need an Enterprise
Architecture (EA)?
22
Why do I Need an Enterprise
Architecture (EA)?
23
Why do I Need an Enterprise
Architecture (EA)?
24
Why do I Need an Enterprise
Architecture (EA)?
25
Why do I Need an Enterprise
Architecture (EA)?
26
Why do I Need an Enterprise
Architecture (EA)?
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Why do I Need an Enterprise
Architecture (EA)?
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Why do I Need an Enterprise
Architecture (EA)?
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Why do I Need an Enterprise
Architecture (EA)?
The purpose of enterprise architecture is
to optimize across the enterprise:






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Fragmented Legacy of Processes
Integrated Environment

(that is responsive to change and supportive of the
delivery of the business strategy)
Why do I Need an Enterprise
Architecture (EA)?
Ultimately, the benefits of enterprise
architecture derive from the better
planning, earlier visibility, and more
informed designs that result when it is
introduced

(Read Article: Simon Townson, Why Does Enterprise Architecture Matter?)
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The Advantages of Good EA
Advantages Description
A more efficient
business
operation
Lower business operation costs
More agile organization
Business capabilities shared across the organization
Lower change management costs
More flexible workforce
Improved business productivity
A more efficient
IT operation
Lower software development, support, and
maintenance costs
Increased portability of applications
Improved interoperability and easier system and
network management
Improved ability to address critical enterprise-wide
issues like security
Easier upgrade and exchange of system components
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The Advantages of Good EA
Advantages Description
Better return on
existing
investment,
reduced risk for
future
investment
Reduced complexity in the business and IT
Maximum return on investment in existing business
and IT infrastructure
The flexibility to make, buy, or out-source business
and IT solutions
Reduced risk overall in new investments and their
cost of ownership
Faster, simpler,
and cheaper
procurement
Buying decisions are simpler, because the
information governing procurement is readily
available in a coherent plan
Maximizing procurement speed and flexibility
without sacrificing architectural coherence
The ability to procure heterogeneous, multi-vendor
open systems
The ability to secure more economic capabilities
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Enterprise Architecture Layer
Architecture Type Description
Business
Architecture
The business strategy, governance, organization, and
key business processes
Data Architecture
The structure of an organization's logical and
physical data assets and data management
resources
Application
Architecture
A blueprint for the individual applications to be
deployed, their interactions, and their relationships
to the core business processes of the organization
Technology
Architecture
The logical software and hardware capabilities that
are required to support the deployment of business,
data, and application services. This includes IT
infrastructure, middleware, networks,
communications, processing, and standards
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1.2 What and Why Enterprise
Architecture Framework?
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What is an Architecture
Framework?
A foundational structure, or set of structures,
which can be used for developing a broad range
of different architectures:

Describe a method for designing a target state of the
enterprise in terms of a set of building blocks, and for
showing how the building blocks fit together
Contain a set of tools and provide a common
vocabulary
Include a list of recommended standards and compliant
products that can be used to implement the building
blocks
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Why do We Need a Framework
for Enterprise Architecture?
Using an architecture framework will speed
up and simplify architecture development
Ensure more complete coverage of the
designed solution
Make certain that the architecture selected
allows for future growth in response to the
needs of the business
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1.3 Major Enterprise
Architecture Framework
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History of EA Framework
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Major EA Framework
1. The Zachman Framework for Enterprise Architectures
Although self-described as a framework, is actually more
accurately defined as a taxonomy
2. The Open Group Architectural Framework (TOGAF)
Although called a framework, is actually more accurately
defined as a process
3. The Federal Enterprise Architecture(FEA)
Can be viewed as either an implemented enterprise
architecture or a proscriptive methodology for creating an
enterprise architecture
4. The Gartner Methodology
Can be best described as an enterprise architectural practice
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Zachman Framework
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TOGAF
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FEA
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1.4 EA Comparison
Read Article: Sessions - A Comparison of the Top Four EA
Methodologies - 2007
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Comparison Parameters
1. Taxonomy completeness: how well you can use the methodology to
classify the various architectural artifacts (Zachman)
2. Process completeness: how fully the methodology guides you through
a step-by-step process for creating an enterprise architecture (TOGAF)
3. Reference-model guidance: how useful the methodology is in helping
you build a relevant set of reference models (FEA)
4. Practice guidance: how much the methodology helps you assimilate
the mindset of enterprise architecture into your organization (Gartner)
5. Maturity model: how much guidance the methodology gives you in
assessing the effectiveness and maturity of different organizations
within your enterprise in using enterprise architecture
6. Business focus: whether the methodology will focus on using
technology to drive business value, in which business value is
specifically defined as either reduced expenses and/or increased
income
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Comparison Parameters
7. Governance guidance: how much help the methodology will
be in understanding and creating an effective governance
model for enterprise architecture
8. Partitioning guidance: how well the methodology will guide
you into effective autonomous partitions of the enterprise,
which is an important approach to managing complexity
9. Prescriptive catalog: how well the methodology guides you in
setting up a catalogue of architectural assets that can be
reused in future activities
10. Vendor neutrality: how likely you are to get locked-in to a
specific consulting organization by adopting this methodology.
A high rating here indicates low vendor lock-in
11. Information availability: the amount and quality of free or
inexpensive information about this methodology
12. Time to value: the length of time you will likely be using this
methodology before you start using it to build solutions that
deliver high business value
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EA Comparison
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(Roger Sessions, A Comparison of the Top Four EA Methodologies, 2007)
Hybrid Enterprise Architecture
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1.5 Enterprise Architecture
Tools
Read Article: Short - Gartner Assessment EA Tool - 2011
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EA Tools
planningIT (alphabet.com)
SAMU (altollgroup.eu)
Abacus (avolution.com.au)
Architect (bizzdesign.com)
Corporate Modeler (casewise.com)
Envision VIP (future-tech.com)
Rational System Architect (ibm.com)
Mega Suite (mega.com)
ProVision (metastorm.com)
MooD (tsorg.com)
ARIS (softwareag.com)
Enterprise Architect (sparxsystems.com)
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Comparison Parameters
1. Repository or Metamodel
2. Modeling
3. Decision Analysis
4. Presentation
5. Administration
6. Configurability
7. Frameworks and Standards
8. Usability
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(Julie Short and Chriss Wilson, Gartner Assessment of EA Tool Capabilities, Gartner Research, 2011)
planningIT (alphabet.com)

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SAMU (altollgroup.eu)

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Abacus (avolution.com.au)

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Architect (bizzdesign.com)

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Corporate Modeler
(casewise.com)

57
Envision VIP (future-tech.com)

58
Rational System Architect
(ibm.com)

59
Mega Suite (mega.com)

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ProVision (metastorm.com)

61
MooD (tsorg.com)

62
ARIS (softwareag.com)

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Enterprise Architect
(sparxsystems.com)

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1.6 Enterprise Architecture
Competency
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Key Competencies to Create an
Enterprise Architecture
1. Enterprise Architecture Framework
2. Enterprise Architecture Tools
3. Business Strategy and Organization Analysis
Business Model Canvas
4. Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN)
5. Data Modeling
6. Unified Modeling Language (UML)
7. Infrastructure and Network Design
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UML

69
Actor A
Use Case 1
Use Case 2
Actor B
user : Clerk
mainWnd : MainWnd
fileMgr : FileMgr
repository : Repository
document : Document
gFile : GrpFile
9: sortByName ( )
L 1: Doc view request ( )
2: fetchDoc( )
5: readDoc ( )
7: readFile ( )
3: create ( )
6: fillDocument ( )
4: create ( )
8: fillFile ( )
Window95

.EXE
Windows
NT
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Windows
NT

Windows95
Solaris
.EXE
Alpha
UNIX
IBM
Mainframe

Windows95
Document
FileManager
GraphicFile
File
Repository
DocumentList
FileList
user
mainWnd fileMgr :
FileMgr
repository document :
Document
gFile
1: Doc view request ( )
2: fetchDoc( )
3: create ( )
4: create ( )
5: readDoc ( )
6: fillDocument ( )
7: readFile ( )
8: fillFile ( )
9: sortByName ( )

.


.



.
Forward and
Reverse
Engineering
Target
System
Openning
Writing
Reading
Closing
add file [ numberOffile==MAX ] /
flag OFF
add file
close file
close file
Use Case 3
Use-Case
Diagram
Class Diagram
Collaboration
Diagram
Sequence
Diagram
Component
Diagram
Statechart
Diagram
GrpFile
read( )
open( )
create( )
fillFile( )
rep
Repository
name : char * = 0
readDoc( )
readFile( )
(from Persistence)
FileMgr
fetchDoc( )
sortByName( )
DocumentList
add( )
delete( )
Document
name : int
docid : int
numField : int
get( )
open( )
close( )
read( )
sortFileList( )
create( )
fillDocument( )
fList
1
FileList
add( )
delete( )
1
File
read( )
read() fill the
code..
Deployment
Diagram
BPMN

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Data Modeling

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Test Yourself Questions
Which one of the following best describes why you
need a framework for enterprise architecture?

A. Architecture design is complex
B. Using a framework can speed up the process
C. Using a framework ensures more complete
coverage
D. A framework provides a set of tools and a
common vocabulary
E. All of these
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Test Yourself Questions
Which of the following are the architecture domains
that are commonly accepted subsets of an overall
enterprise architecture?

A. Application, Business, Data, Technology
B. Capability, Segment, Strategic
C. Context, Definition, Governance, Transformation
D. Definition, Realization, Transition, Vision
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Test Yourself Questions
Which one of the following best describes an
enterprise architecture?

A. An architecture of a commercial organization
B. An architecture that consists of more than one
subsidiary company
C. An architecture that crosses multiple systems,
and multiple functional groups within the
enterprise
D. The highest level of architecture that can be
achieved in a given organization
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References
1. Rachel Harrison, Study Guide TOGAF 9 Foundation 2
nd
Edition,
The Open Group, 2011
2. Rachel Harrison, Study Guide TOGAF 9 Certified 2
nd
Edition,
The Open Group, 2011
3. Open Group Standard, TOGAF Version 9.1 (G116), The Open
Group, 2011
4. Open Group Standard, TOGAF Version 9.1 A Pocket Guide
(G117), The Open Group, 2011
5. Daniel Minoli, Enterprise Architecture A to Z: Frameworks,
Business Process Modeling, SOA, and Infrastructure
Technology, Taylor & Francis, 2008
6. Jon Holt and Simon Perry, Modelling Enterprise Architectures,
The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2010
7. Alan Dennis et al, Systems Analysis and Design with UML 4th
Edition, John Wiley and Sons, 2013


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