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ANDRADE, Ma. Triza D.

3E-Pharmacy
Pharmaceutical Chemistry II
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SEX HORMONES
Ovarian Hormones
NATURAL ESTROGENIC HORMONES
AND DERIVATIVE
Estradiol
Conjugated Estrogen
Estrone
Ethinyl estradiol


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Ethinyl Estradiol
Estrogen, Ethinyl, Ethinylestradiol, Synthetic estrogen,
Estrogen in the pill, Mestranol, EE, Envoid
A semisynthetic alkylated estradiol with a 17-alpha-ethinyl
substitution.
is a synthetic form of estrogen and is mainly used in various
hormonal contraceptives -- usually in combination with a
progestin.
It has high estrogenic potency when administered orally and is
often used as the estrogenic component in oral contraceptives.
Marketed mostly in combination with other compounds.
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tetracyclo[8.7.0.0,.0,]heptadeca-
2(7),3,5-triene-5,14-diol,
(1S,10R,11S,14R,15S)-14-ethynyl-15-
methyl-,
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tetracyclo[8.7.0.0
,7
.0
,
] heptadeca-
2(7),3,5-triene-5,14-diol,

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tetracyclo[8.7.0.0,.0,]heptadeca
-2(7),3,5-triene-5,14-diol,
(1S,10R,11S,14R,15S)-14-ethynyl-
15-methyl-,
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STRUCTURE
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Mechanism of Action

Diffuse into their target cells and interact with a protein
receptor. Target cells include the female reproductive tract, the
mammary gland, the hypothalamus, and the pituitary.
Estrogens increase the hepatic synthesis of sex hormone
binding globulin (SHBG), thyroid-binding globulin (TBG), and
other serum proteins and suppress follicle-stimulating hormone
(FSH) from the anterior pituitary.
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EE is prepared from estrone in one step by
ethinylation with ethyne, sodium and sodium
amide
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INDICATION:
Moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms associated with the
menopause
Female hypogonadism
Prostatic carcinoma in the palliative therapy of advanced
disease
Breast cancer
Oral contraceptive
Emergency contraceptive
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The lower ethinyl estradiol amounts now available in hormonal
contraception enable women to obtain both the contraceptive
and non-contraceptive benefits of birth control without as many
of the unpleasant side effects. Ethinyl estradiol can assist in
regulating your period or help manage painful periods. Because
it helps to suppress ovulation, this synthetic estrogen has also
been found to lower your risk of ovarian cancer, and due to
estrogens ability to block bone resorption, ethinyl estradiol may
help to increase bone mineral density.
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CONTRAINDICATION
should not be used in women over 35 years old who smoke due to the
increased risk of serious cardiovascular side effects.
Known or suspected carcinoma of the breast, except in selected patients
being treated for metastatic disease.
Known or suspected estrogen dependent neoplasia.
Known or suspected pregnancy.
Active thrombophlebitis or thromboembolic disease.
Undiagnosed abnormal genital bleeding.
A past history of thrombophlebitis, thrombosis or thromboembolic disease
associated with the previous use of estrogen containing compounds.

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ADVERSE EFFECT
Water and sodium retention, which may result in edema, Weight gain, breast tenderness,
and breast enlargement. Changes in libido and withdrawal vaginal bleeding are also
reported.
Liver function impairment, jaundice and gallstones may occur.
Headache, depression, dizziness, glucose intolerance, and sensitivity to contact lenses are
described.
Large doses may produce hypercalcemia when used in the treatment of metastatic
carcinoma.
Nausea, vomiting and diarrhea are not uncommon.
Dermatological effects include chloasma, melasma, rashes and urticaria.
Erythema multiforme and erythema nodosum occur.
Hypertension and thromboembolic disease are reported.
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Brand Names

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ANTIDEPRESSANTS Tricylic
depressants
Dibenzocycloheptadiene
Amitryptylline

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AMITRYPTILINE
HYDROCHLORIDE
dibenzocycloheptene-derivative tricyclic antidepressant (TCA).
. In non-depressed individuals, amitriptyline does not affect
mood or arousal, but may cause sedation.
In depressed individuals, amitriptyline exerts a positive effect
on mood. TCAs are potent inhibitors of serotonin and
norepinephrine reuptake.
Tertiary amine TCAs, such as amitriptyline, are more potent
inhibitors of serotonin
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Dimethyl amine, {3-[(2Z)-
tricyclo[9.4.0.0
3,8
]pentadeca-
1(11),3(8),4,6,12,14-hexaen-2-
ylidene]propyl}-, Hydrochloride

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Dimethyl amine

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Dimethyl amine, {3-[(2Z)-
tricyclo[9.4.0.0
3,8
]pentadeca-
1(11),3(8),4,6,12,14-hexaen-2-
ylidene]propyl}-,

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Dimethyl amine, {3-[(2Z)-
tricyclo[9.4.0.0
3,8
]pentadeca-
1(11),3(8),4,6,12,14-hexaen-2-
ylidene]propyl}-,

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Dimethyl amine, {3-[(2Z)-
tricyclo[9.4.0.0
3,8
]pentadeca-
1(11),3(8),4,6,12,14-hexaen-2-
ylidene]propyl}-, Hydrochloride


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Mechanism of Action
inhibition of neurotransmitter uptake (neuronal uptake of
norepinerphrine and serotonin into presynaptic nerve
terminals).
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INDICATION
In the pharmacologic management of depressive illness
may be used in the depressed phase of bipolar affective
disorder or in melancholic or psychotic depression.
widely used as an atypical analgesic in the management of
several conditions including fibromyalgia and various
neuropathies
Amitriptyline can be also used in anxiety disorders, back pain,
chronic fatigue syndrome, headache in adults and children,
herpes zoster, Irritable bowel syndrome and pain control in
palliative care
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Typical patient who may take
Amitriptyline
patient suffering from a Major Depressive Episode
Depressed mood and/or loss of interest or pleasure (irritability)
Or any one of these:

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ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS
Alkylating agents
ETHYLAMINES
Thiotepa
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