PENJANGKARAN

Yenny Yustisia
Bag. Ortodonsia FKG Unej

Introduction
Orthodontic tooth movement
Force
Active components???
Introduction
Active components
Generate forces
In one direction
Equal and opposite force
Newtons third law of motion

DEFINITION
Moyers :
Resistance to displacement.
Active elements and resistance elements.

Anchorage in orthodontics as the nature and degree
of resistance to displacement offered by an anatomic
unit for the purpose of tooth movement. (GRABER)
Anchorage is the site of delivery from which force is
exerted(White and Gardnier)

Newtons third law: for every action, there is reaction
Action = reaction
CLASSIFICATION(MOYERS)
According To Manner Of Force Application
Simple, Stationary, Reciprocal

According To Jaws Involved
Inter Maxillary, Intra Maxillary


According To Site
Intra 0ral: Teeth,alveolar Bone,basal Bone
Exraoral: Cervical,occipital,cranial,facial
Muscular

According To Number Of Anchorage Units
Single Or Primary,compound,multiple Or
Reinforced
Classification
Nanda :
1. A anchorage : critical / severe
75 % or more of the extraction space is
needed for anterior retraction
.
2. B anchorage : moderate
Relatively symmetric space closure (50%)

3. C anchorage : mild / non critical
75% or more of space closure by mesial
movement of posterior teeth

Classification
Classification
Burstone

Group A: Postr teeth contribute less than one
quarter to total space closure

Group B: Postr teeth contribute from one
quarter to one half to total space closure

Group C: Postr teeth contribute more than one
half to total space closure
INTRA ORAL ANCHORAGES
teeth
alveolar bone
basal bone
musculature

teeth
When One Teeth Moves The Others Can Act
As Anchorage Units,it Depends On
Root Form
Root Size
No Of Roots
Root Length
Root Inclination

ROOT FORM
Flat
Resist Movements In Mesio-distal Direction,but Little
Resistance Buccolingually
Eg; Mandibular Incisors And Molars,buccal Root Of
Maxillary Molars
Round
Resist Horizontally Directed Force In Any Direction
Eg; Bicuspid,palatal Root Of Upper Molars
Triangular
Maximum Anchorage
Eg; Cuspids,maxillary Centrals And Laterals

SIZE AND NUMBER OF
ROOTS
Multirooted Teeth
Having The Maximum Size Have Max. Anchorage
Root Length
Directly Propotional To Anchorage
Axial Inclination
Anchorage Is More When Force Exerted Is
Opposite To That Of Axis Of Inclination Of Teeth
Ankylosed Teeth
No Pdl, So No Movement-excellent Anchorage

ALVEOLAR BONE
Alveolar Bone Resist Tooth Movement Up To
Its Limit,beyond That It Allow Tooth Movement
By Remodelling
Healthy Alveolar Bone-more Anchorage

BASAL BONE
Certain Areas Act As Resistance Areas-
provide Good Anchorage-
Hard Palate,lingual Surface Of Mandible
MUSCULATURE
Hypertonic Labial Musculature Used For
Anchorage In Lip Bumper
EXTRA ORAL
Cranium
Occipital Or Parietal Anchorage:-anchorage Obtained From
Occpital Or Parietal Bone
Eg:-head Gear To Restrict Maxillary Growth
Cervical
Anchorage From Cervical Or Neck Region
Eg:-cervical Head Gear
Facial Bones
Face Mask Used To Protract Maxilla Take Anchorage From
Mandibular Symphysis

Reverse Head Gears
Take Anchorage From For Head And Chin





SIMPLE ANCHORAGE
Simple Anchorage:
Dental anchorage in which the manner and
application of force tends to displace or
change the axial inclination of the teeth that
form the anchorage unit in the plane of space
in which the force is being applied.

STATIONARY ANCHORAGE
Dental anchorage in which the manner
and application of force tends to displace
the anchorage unit bodily in the plane of
space in which the force is being applied.
Refers to the advantage that can be
obtained by pitting bodily movement of
one group of teeth against tipping of
another
Eg: Retraction of mandibular incisors using first
molars as anchorage

Considerably more than Simple Anchorage
RECIPROCAL ANCHORAGE
Resistance Offered By Two Malposed Units
When The Application Of Two Equal And
Opposite Forces Tend To Move Each Unit To A
More Normal Position
Eg:-closure Of Midline Diastema
Cross Bite Elastics,expansion Appliances

INTRA MAXILLARY
ANCHORAGE
Teeth Are To Be Moved And The Anchorage
Units Are In The Same Arch
INTER MAXILLARY
ANCHORAGE
Teeth Are To Be Moved In One Arch And
Resistrance Units Are In Opposite Arch
Eg:-class II ,Class III Elastics

SINGLE OR PRIMARY
ANCHORAGE
Single Teeth With More Alveolar Support Used
To Move One With Lesser Support
COMPOUND ANCHORAGE
Anchorage Provided By More Than One Teeth
With Great Support To Move Tooth With Less
Support
REINFORCED ANCHORAGE
More Than One Type Of Resistance Unit Is
Utilized
To Augment The Intra Oral Anchorage, Extra Oral
Anchorages Trans Palatal Arch,and Lingual
Arches Is Used
Upper Anterior Inclined Plane Used For Forward
Movement Of Mandible Uses Muscular
Anchorages

MINI DENTAL IMPLANTS
Used In Patients Having Multiple Lost Teeth Or
Hypodontia Or To Augment Teeth With
Periodontal Diseases
Classification -According To Exposure Of
Head:
Open
Head Is Exposed To Oral Cavity-used When Soft
Tissues Are Not Movable
Closed
Embeded Under Soft Tissues-movable Tissues

According To Implant Placement
Self Tapping Method
Implant Tapped In To A Previously Drilled Hole-smaller
Diameter Implants
Self Drilling Method
Implant Is Itself Drilled In To The Bone-larger Diameter
Implant

According To The Path Of Insertion:-
Oblique
30=60degrees To Long Axis Of Teeth-where Inter
Radicular Bone Is Narrow
Perpendicular
Inserted Perpendicular To The Bone Surface-when
Sufficient Inter Radicular Bone Present



ANCHORAGE PLANNING AFFECTING
FACTORS ARE
Number Of Teeth Being Moved
To Move Greater Number Of Teeth, Anchorage Should Be
More
Type Of Teeth:
Teeth Having More Surface Area Require More Anchorage
Type Of Movement
Bodily Movement Require More Anchorage
Duration
Prolonged Treatments Require Good Anchorage
Skeletal Growth Pattern
Vertical-require More Anchorage Due To Poor Tonicity Of
Facial Muscles
Horizontal-vice Versa

Occlusal Interlock
Good Occlusion=good Anchorage
Anchorage Loss
Unwanted Tooth Movements During Orthodontic
Therapy

Loss of anchorage
the unplanned and unexpected movement of
the anchor teeth during orthodontic treatment
Poor appliance design
Poor appliance adjustment
Poor patient wear

Poor appliance design
Failure to adequately retain the appliance, or
incorporate as many teeth into the anchor
block as possible
Removable appliances should have adequate
retention using appropriate well-adjusted cribs or
clasps with as much contact with the teeth and
oral mucosa as possible
fixed appliances are used, as many anchor teeth
as possible should be banded in order to produce
optimum anchorage
Poor appliance adjustment
The use of excessive force or trying to move
too many teeth at the same time may result in
unwanted movement of the anchor teeth
simultaneous multiple teeth movement should
be avoided.
the force levels applied to the teeth are too
high
The optimal force for movement of a single
rooted tooth is about 2540 g for tipping and
about 75 g for bodily movement
Poor patient wear
For anchorage control wearing the headgear
at night-time only is usually enough. In order to
produce distal movement, the patient should
wear the appliance in excess of 12 hours
usually for the evenings as well as at nighttime
Based On The Anchorage Loss, The
Anchorage Demand Of The Extraction Cases
Are Of Three Types
Maximum,moderate,minimum

Maximum Anchorage Cases
Anchorage Demand Is Very High
Not More Than 1/4 Th Of The Extraction Place
Should Be Lost By Anchorage Loss
So Augmentation Of Anchor Teeth Required

Moderate Anchorage Cases
Anchorage Loss 1/2th To 1/4 Th Of Extraction
Space

Minimum Anchorage Cases
Anchorage Loss Can Be More Than 1/2th Of
Extraction Space


Thank you..