PENJUMLAHAN GAYA

TUJUAN PEMBELAJARAN:
Mahasiswa dapat menentukan besar
dan arah resultan dari beberapa gaya
dengan metode analitis.
Mahasiswa dapat menentukan besar
dan arah resultan dari beberapa gaya
dengan metode grafis.
1

Review

PRINSIP DASAR
Dalam Mekanika

1. Hukum PARALELOGRAM dalam

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

penjumlahan gaya
Prinsip TRANSMISIBILITAS
Hukum NEWTON 1
Hukum NEWTON 2
Hukum NEWTON 3
Hukum GRAFITASI NEWTON

Sistem Satuan
Four fundamental physical quantities. Length, Time, Mass, Force.
We will work with two unit systems in statics: SI & US Customary.

Bagaimana konversi dari SI ke US atau sebaliknya ?

GAYA
Apakah gaya itu ?

Menyusun atau menjumlahkan gaya

dimaksudkan untuk menentukan resultante (R),
dengan kata lain dua buah gaya atau lebih
dapat digabung menjadi satu gaya pengganti
yang disebut resultante (R).

Dapat dilakukan dengan 2 cara

Cara lukisan

Cara hitungan

APPLICATION OF VECTOR
ADDITION
There are four
concurrent cable forces
acting on the bracket.
How do you determine
the resultant force acting
on the bracket ?

Addition of Vectors
Trapezoid rule for vector addition
Triangle rule for vector addition
C
B
C

Law of cosines,
R 2 P 2 Q 2 2 PQ cos B

R PQ

Law of sines,
B

sin A sin B sin C

Q
R
P

Vector addition is commutative,

PQ Q P

Vector subtraction
8

Sample Problem

SOLUTION:

Trigonometric solution - use the triangle

rule for vector addition in conjunction
with the law of cosines and law of sines
to find the resultant.
The two forces act on a bolt at A.
Determine their resultant.

Sample Problem (Lanjutan)

Trigonometric solution - Apply the triangle rule.
From the Law of Cosines,

R 2 P 2 Q 2 2 PQ cos B
40 N 2 60 N 2 240 N 60 N cos155
R 97.73N

From the Law of Sines,

sin A sin B

Q
R
sin A sin B

Q
R

60 N
sin 155
97.73 N
A 15.04
20 A
35.04

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ADDITION OF SEVERAL VECTORS

Step 1 is to resolve each force
into its components
Step 2 is to add all the x
components together and add all
the y components together. These
two totals become the resultant
vector.
Step 3 is to find the magnitude
and angle of the resultant vector.

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Example of this
process,

12

You can also represent a 2-D vector with a

magnitude and angle.

13

EXAMPLE
Given: Three concurrent forces
acting on a bracket.
Find: The magnitude and
angle of the resultant
force.

Plan:
a) Resolve the forces in their x-y components.
b) Add the respective components to get the resultant vector.
c) Find magnitude and angle from the resultant components.
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EXAMPLE (continued)

F1 = { 15 sin 40 i + 15 cos 40 j } kN
= { 9.642 i + 11.49 j } kN
F2 = { -(12/13)26 i + (5/13)26 j } kN
= { -24 i + 10 j } kN
F3 = { 36 cos 30 i 36 sin 30 j } kN
= { 31.18 i 18 j } kN
15

EXAMPLE (continued)
Summing up all the i and j components respectively, we get,
FR = { (9.642 24 + 31.18) i + (11.49 + 10 18) j } kN
= { 16.82 i + 3.49 j } kN
y

FR

FR = ((16.82)2 + (3.49)2)1/2 = 17.2 kN

= tan-1(3.49/16.82) = 11.7

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Sample Problem
SOLUTION:
Resolve each force into rectangular
components.
Determine the components of the
resultant by adding the corresponding
force components.
Four forces act on bolt A as shown.
Determine the resultant of the force
on the bolt.

Calculate the magnitude and direction

of the resultant.

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Sample Problem (cont)

SOLUTION:
Resolve each force into rectangular components.
force mag
x comp
y comp

129.9
75.0
F1 150

27.4
75.2
F2
80

110.0
F3 110
0

96.6
25.9
F4 100
R x 199.1 R y 14.3
Determine the components of the resultant by
adding the corresponding force components.
Calculate the magnitude and direction.
R y 14.3 N
tan

4.1 4.1
Rx 199.1 N
R

14 .3 N
199 .6 N
sin 4.1
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READING QUIZ
1. The subject of mechanics deals with what happens to a body
when ______ is / are applied to it.

A) magnetic field

B) heat

D) neutrons

E) lasers

C) forces

2. ________________ still remains the basis of most of todays

engineering sciences.
A) Newtonian Mechanics

B) Relativistic Mechanics

C) Euclidean Mechanics

C) Greek Mechanics

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READING QUIZ
3. Which one of the following is a scalar quantity?
A) Force B) Position C) Mass D) Velocity

4. For vector addition you have to use ______ law.

A) Newtons Second
B) the arithmetic
C) Pascals

D) the parallelogram

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CONCEPT QUIZ
5. Can you resolve a 2-D vector along two directions, which
are not at 90 to each other?
A) Yes, but not uniquely.
B) No.
C) Yes, uniquely.

6. Can you resolve a 2-D vector along three directions (say

at 0, 60, and 120)?
A) Yes, but not uniquely.
B) No.
C) Yes, uniquely.
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ATTENTION QUIZ
7. Resolve F along x and y axes and write it in
vector form. F = { ___________ } N
y
A) 80 cos (30) i - 80 sin (30) j

B) 80 sin (30) i + 80 cos (30) j

C) 80 sin (30) i - 80 cos (30) j

30
F = 80 N

D) 80 cos (30) i + 80 sin (30) j

8. Determine the magnitude of the resultant (F1 + F2)

force in N when F1 = { 10 i + 20 j } N and F2 =
{ 20 i + 20 j } N .
A) 30 N

B) 40 N

D) 60 N

E) 70 N

C) 50 N
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