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Test Tuning
Test Tuning
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Page 1
Introduction
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CONTENT
Chapter 1 Principle of Radio Propagation
and CW Test
Chapter 2 CW Test Flow
Chapter 3 Analysis of CW Test Data
Chapter 4 Propagation Model Tuning
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Propagation
Section 2 Principle of
Test
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Oscillator
Magnetic field
Magnetic field
Electric field
Electric field
Transmission direction of electric wave
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Electric field
Propagation Path
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Radio propagation in
actual environment
Reflected wave of building
Diffracted wave
Direct wave
Reflected wave on the ground
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Slow fading
-20
-40
Slow fading
-60
Attenuation: Pr is in direct
proportion to 1/dn.
Fast fading
Multipath effect
Fast changes to signal
strength at small distance
and time interval
Doppler frequency shift
Delay spread
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Fast fading
10
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20
30
d (m)
Diversity Technology
Measures against fast fading- diversity technologies
Explicit diversity
Space diversity
Polarization diversity
Frequency diversity GSM-frequency hopping; WCDMA-spread
spectrum
Implicit diversity
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Delay Spread
Equalization
Equalizationand
andRAKE
RAKEtechnology
technology
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Loss
Diffraction loss
Penetration loss
T
T
R
Clutter loss
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Penetration Loss
Indoor signals depend on penetration loss of building.
Signals are different at the indoor window and in the middle of room.
Building materials have great effect on penetration loss.
The reference angle of electromagnetic wave have great effect
on penetration loss.
w1
0 0
d
D
w2
0 0
E2
WdBm
E1
XdBm
Penetration
Penetrationloss=X-W=B
loss=X-W=BdB
dB
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Penetration Loss
Obstacle/penetration loss is:
Partition obstruction: 5 20dB
Floor obstruction: 20dB
Obstruction of furniture and other barriers: 2 15dB
Thick glass: 6 10dB
Penetration loss of the carriage of the train: 15
30dB
Penetration loss of lift: 30dB or so
Loss of thick leaves: 10dB
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Description
Many tall buildings, signals fail to diffract from the roof of
building .
Signals can diffract from the roof due to low buildings and wide
streets.
Low and sparse buildings
Low and sparse buildings, but with lots of vegetation
Mountainous areas
Road
Indoor
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Cell type
Macro-cell
>500 m
Micro-cell
100~500m
Pico-cell
<100m
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Radio Propagation
Section 2 Theory of Propagation
Model Tuning
Section 3 Purpose of CW Test
Section 4 Basic Principle of CW
Test
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WCDMA
WCDMAcommon
commonpropagation
propagationmodels
models
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Radio Propagation
Section 2 Theory of
Test
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Purpose of CW Test
GPS
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Radio Propagation
Section 2 Theory of
Test
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Balance
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CONTENT
Chapter 1 Principle of Radio Propagation
and CW Test
Chapter 2 CW Test Flow
Chapter 3 Analysis of CW Test Data
Chapter 4 Propagation Model Tuning
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CW Test Flow
Platform in Networking
Section 3 Drive Test
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Site Selection
Principles of site selection
Number of sites: It is usually agreed that a minimum of 5 sites should be
tested in large and dense city, but one site is enough in normal city, which
mainly depends on antenna height and EIRP.
Representation: Site selection should aim to cover all types of clutter
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Site Selection
Standards of site selection
5m
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CW Test Flow
Platform in Networking
Section 3 Drive Test
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antenna holder
Rx subsystem: test receiver, GPS receiver, test software and laptop
Tx antenna
TMA
Signal source
RF cable 1
RF cable 2
Rx antenna
High frequency signal
source
Power supply
Drive test
instrument
Build-in GPS
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Laptop
during networking:
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CW Test Flow
Platform in Networking
Section 3 Drive Test
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Drive Test
Keep to the following standards to select a test path
Landform: The test route must cover all main landforms in the area.
Height: The test route must cover landforms with different height in this area if
area.
Direction: The test points must be consistent on the horizontal and vertical
route.
Length The total distance of one CW test should be longer than 60km.
Number of test points: The more, the better.
Overlap: Overlap the test route in different sites as much as possible to
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Drive Test
Lee criteria for sampling: 50 samples by 40
The maximum vehicle speed: Vmax=0.8/Tsample
Delete test results from the sampled data under abnormal
conditions:
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CONTENT
Chapter 1 Principle of Radio Propagation
and CW Test
Chapter 2 CW Test Flow
Chapter 3 Analysis of CW Test Data
Chapter 4 Propagation Model Tuning
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Data Filtering
Data to be filtered is as follows:
1. Data tested in the places where GPS is
unable to locate accurately (such as under the
overhead rack, in the tunnel).
2. Data obtained when the distance to antenna
is too near or far.
3. Data obtained with too weak signals.
4. Error data caused by inexact AP (antenna
pattern).
5. Other data inconsistent with the requirements
during the route design of CW test.
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Data Dispersion
Propagation in mobile communications can be indicated as
follows:
x L
1
r(x) = m(x)r0(x) m( x)
r ( y )dy
2L xL
X: distance
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Data Dispersion
The CW test is to obtain the local mean value of each geography
location in some areas as far as possible, i.e. the difference of r(x) and
m(x) should be the minimum value. In this sense, effect of Raileigh
Fading should be excluded.
When the intrinsic length equals 40 wavelength and the number of
sampling points is 50, the difference of test data and actual local mean
value can be less than 1dB according to Lee criteria.
Intrinsic length is average length for binning (2G band is 6 m long,
namely, 40 wavelength)
Since the locating speed of GPS is far lower than the receiving
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Data Dispersion
The principle of dispersion processing is as follows:
Conditions:
There are many test records arranged under each locating
point in time sequence because the receiving speed of the
receiver is far higher than the locating speed of GPS.
The vehicle speed between two locating points is uniform.
The time interval between every two measurement records is
the same.
Processing:
Equally distribute these records to the route section between
two points in time sequence so that there will be sufficient
points in every 6m range on test route.
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Data Binning
Objectives:
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Format Conversion
The data format exported by Agilent E74xx Series is
X
CW_Power_List_
_Freq__Hz
CW_Power_List__A
mpl__dBm
Time
Date
CW_Power_List__Ampl__dBm
as .dat file)
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CONTENT
Chapter 1 Principle of Radio Propagation
and CW Test
Chapter 2 CW Test Flow
Chapter 3 Analysis of CW Test Data
Chapter 4 Propagation Model Tuning
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Section 1 Preparation
Section 2 Propagation Model
Tuning
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Preparations
Installing network planning software:
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Section 1 Preparations
Section 2 Propagation
Model Tuning
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Distance filtering:
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Regression line
calculated
values for the
variable
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Parameter K
Reference value
K1
23.2
K2
44.90
K3
5.83
K4
0.5
K5
-6.55
K6
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Summary
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Thank you
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