Proposed Title 1: Reason behind gambling

addiction among married couple.

Proposed Title 2: Penitent re-enactment in
Marikina.
Proposed Title 3: Traumatic Stigma that Typhoon
Ondoy left behind among the people in Malanday.

Mr. Jayson Oliveros

Adviser

Proposed Title 1: Reason behind gambling

addiction among married couple.

Theory: Social Learning Theory (Operant Conditioning Model by Skinner)

Related Literature: Gambling addiction, also known as compulsive

gambling, is a type of impulse-control disorder. Compulsive gamblers cant
control the impulse to gamble, even when they know their gambling is
hurting themselves or their loved ones. Gambling is all they can think about
and all they want to do, no matter the consequences. Compulsive gamblers
keep gambling whether theyre up or down, broke or flush, happy or
depressed. Even when they know the odds are against them, even when
they cant afford to lose, people with a gambling addiction cant stay off the
bet. Gamblers can have a problem, however, without being totally out of
control. Problem gambling is any gambling behavior that disrupts your life.
If youre preoccupied with gambling, spending more and more time and
money on it, chasing losses, or gambling despite serious consequences,
you have a gambling problem.
(Authors: Jeanne Segal, Ph.D., Melinda Smith, M.A., and Lawrence
Robinson.Last updated: December 2014.)

Proposed Title 2: Penitent re-enactment in

Marikina.
Theory:

Purpose and Intention

Related

Literature: Filipino penitent Ruben Enaje, who has portrayed as Jesus Christ for 27 times,
reacts as a nail is removed from his hand after being crucified.
SAN PEDRO CUTUD, Philippines - Devotees in villages in the northern Philippines took part in a
bloody annual ritual to mark Good Friday, a celebration that mixes Roman Catholic devotion and
Filipino folk beliefs and sees some reenact the crucifixion of Jesus Christ. The crucified devotees
spent several minutes nailed to crosses in Pampanga province while thousands of tourists watched
and took photos of the spectacle, which the church discourages. Earlier in the day, hooded male
penitents trudged through the province's villages under the blazing sun while flagellating their bleeding
backs with makeshift whips. Others carried wooden crosses to dramatize Christ's sacrifice.
Actors portray Roman soldiers during the rituals on March 29 at Cutud, Pampanga province, northern
Philippines. Devotees undergo the hardships in the belief that such extreme sacrifices are a way to
atone for their sins, attain miracle cures for illnesses or give thanks to God.
It was the 27th crucifixion for sign painter Ruben Enaje, 52, one of the most popular penitents from
San Pedro Cutud village. He began his yearly rite after surviving a fall from a building.
Enaje screamed in pain as men dressed as Roman soldiers hammered stainless steel nails into his
palms and feet. A wireless microphone carried his voice to loudspeakers for everyone watching to
hear. His cross was raised and he was hanged there for several minutes under the searing afternoon
sun before the nails were pulled out and he was taken on a stretcher to a first aid station.
(Author: The Associated Press, March 2013)

Proposed Title: Traumatic Stigma that

Typhoon Ondoy left behind among the
people in Malanday

Theory:

Social Cognitive Theory (Albert Bandura)

Related

Literature: A traumatic event is "an experience that causes physical, emotional,

psychological distress, or harm," or "an event, or series of events, that causes moderate to
severe stress reactions." They are characterized by a sense of horror, helplessness, serious
injury, or the threat of serious injury or death. A traumatic event is perceived and experienced
as threat to one's safety or stability. It may involve experiences, changes or emotions, such
as: physical injury or illness, separation from parents (perceived abandonment), death of a
friend, family member, or pet, violence of war, terrorism or mass disaster, divorce, loss of
trust, a move to a new location, hospitalization, anxiety, fear or pain.
Devastating, natural traumahurricanes, earthquakes, fires and floodscan significantly
impact a person's overall health and wellness. The effects of a natural disaster can be long
lasting. Traumatic events affect those who have been directly affected by suffering injuries or
loss(es) (primary survivors). They can also affect people indirectly, those who have witnessed
the events either firsthand or on television (secondary survivors). Additionally rescue workers,
emergency and medical personnel, counselors, relief work volunteers, chaplains, friends and
relatives of victims who have been involved may also be impacted by the traumatic event as
secondary survivors.
The emotional impact of a traumatic event may be felt for years, and for many whom have
lost everythinga lifetime.
(2006 The Medical Wellness Association)