Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Presented By
AHSAN RABBANI
Civil Engg. Dept.
REC Raipur
INTRODUCTION
1. Rising of moisture from the ground:All the structures are founded on soils, and the substructure is embedded into it.
If the soil is pervious, moisture constantly travels through it.
This moisture may rise up into the wall and the floor through capillary action.
Ground water rise will also result in moisture entry into the building through walls
and floor.
2. Condensation:Process of condensation takes place when warm humid air is cooled.
Due to condensation of atmospheric moisture water is deposited on the walls, floors,
ceilings.
This moisture may cause dampness.
3. Sources of Leakages or Dampness:3.1 Leakages from roofs
3.1.1 Faulty roof slopes
Leakage has direct relation to the Intensity of Rainfall in the Region & Type of Roof
adopted.
Minimum Slope of Roof: 1 in 100
Recommended Slope: 1 in 40 for Mud phuska Roofing 1 in 60 for Concrete Roofing.
CONTD.
3.1.2 Absence of roof slab projection
In absence of slab projection, the rain water travels along the walls & enters through
crack at junction of Roof Slab and Wall.
Roof slab to project beyond wall by 50 mm (minimum) so that waterfalls
clear of the wall.
3.1.3 Junction of Parapet walls & Roof Slab
Junction of Parapet walls & Roof Slab is a source of leakage & requires to
be made water proofs.
To stop leakage, the roof Treatment provided on Roof slab be carried out
to the Parapet Wall through the Junction of Parapet walls & Roof Slab.
A chase must be cut in the Parapet Wall at a Height of 20 cm above the
roof and the water proofing Treatment should be finished inside the chase
(Junction of Parapet walls & Roof Slab).
3.1.4 In adequate number and size of drainage outlets
The number and Size of Drainage outlets are adequate to drain off water without
stagnation.
Min. size not less than 75mm.
No. of drain pipes depend upon shape of terrace, location of drainage points and
spacing of drain pipe.
The spacing between outlet pipes should not be more than 6m.
CONTD.
3.1.5 Spreading of water on roofs due to overflowing from water tanks
This may happen due to missing of Float Valves.
Defective or broken float valves, which result overflowing of water tanks.
3.1.6 Bad Quality of Concrete used in RCC Roof Slab
Most of leakages can be eliminated if the quality of concrete of Roof Slab
is ensured.
A well compacted and cured roof slab is itself Water Proof.
Close supervision at the time of construction can eliminate leakages due
to faulty construction.
RCC Roof Slabs exposed to Sun lead to large number of hair cracks. These
hair cracks are the sources of leakages.
3.1.7 Stagnation of water
Stagnation at the outlets is either due to wrong slopes of the roof or due
to choking of rain water pipes.
Stagnation also takes place due to depressions on the roof or level of
inlet.
Terrace area is required to be sloped towards the outlets so that water
flows freely.
Rain water outlet pipes should be provided with gratings at the mouth
and they should be regularly cleaned along with cleaning of roof to
CONTD.
3.1.8 Poor Quality or Improper Methods adopted in Laying Lime Concrete roofing
Reason:
Non availability of skilled labor.
Time consuming.
High labor cost.
inexperienced contractors & supervisors.
3.1.9 Leakages from External Walls
Reason:
Loosely filled brick joint.
Use of poor quality Bricks.
Improper Curing, poor Workmanship.
Hairline cracks on surface.
Remedy:
Use of good quality bricks with joints properly filled up.
use of 15mm thick plaster in 1:6.
Where quality of bricks is poor, use cement mortar 1:4 in two layers.
Use coarse sand in external plaster.
A number of hair cracks. These hair cracks are the sources of leakages.
CONTD.
3.1.10 Dampness due to Leaking Waste Water & Soil Pipes
Reason:
Cracks in pipes.
Leaking Joints.
Remedy:
The inspection of pipes for signs of cracks before fixing.
Openings around the pipes in walls are filled up with PCC 1:3:6.
Plumbing services be planned in such a way that can be maintained easily.
3.1.11 Chajja Wall Junctions
Reason:
A possible source of dampness in a building is the junction between the
wall and chajja .
This is due to wrong slope of chajja.
This dampness leads to growth of Fungus at the chajja wall junction.
Remedy:
Chajja should be given a slope of 1 in 30 with a drip course at the end so
that water may not travel back.
CONTD.
3.1.12 Balconies
Balconies should be given a slope of 1 in 100 so that rain water is drained
out.
The minimum size of the outlets should not be less than 50mm dia.
Step of 20 mm at the junction of Balcony with room be provided to stop
back traveling of rain water.
All outlets are planned in such a way so as to connect them with Rain
Water Pipes.
3.1.13 Floor Traps
For preventing passage of foul gas, traps with water seal are invariably
used at every fixture.
For effective drainage, the slope should not be less than 1 in 100.
Junction of the trap and the waste pipe which is embedded in the floor is
a possible source of leakages.
The joints should be thoroughly tested for leakages before doing the
flooring.
PRODUCT
SALIENT FEATURES
RECOMMENDED AREA
OF APPLICATION
1.
2.
CONTD.
SL
NO.
PRODUCT
SALIENT FEATURES
RECOMMENDED AREA
OF APPLICATION
3.
Prefabricated
elastic
membrane.
4.
Polymer
Emulsions/
membranes
water
based
coatings
i) Performance is good.
ii) Allows concrete to breathe without
allowing diffusion of Oxygen, CO2,
rainwater etc. from outside.
iii) These are transparent after
drying.
iv) Excellent adhesion to all types of
building materials such as Concrete
stone, brick and timber.
v) Resistance to high temperature
variations, ultra-violet rays etc.
vi) Solvent based polymer water
proofing compounds applied on dry
surface by spray only.
To prevent dampness
and efflorescence and
for water proofing of
terraces, walls, chhajjas
and all other concrete
surfaces.
CONTD.
SL
NO.
PRODUCT
SALIENT FEATURES
RECOMMENDED AREA OF
APPLICATION
5.
Alkali
synthetic felt
6.
Silicon
emulsions
7.
Epoxy
coatings
8.
Cementitious
Polymer
Waterproofing
compound
CRYSTAL SEALER
DESCRIPTION
A cement based waterproofing compound that chemically reacts with
moist cement based substrates.
Crystal Sealer forms insoluble crystals in the capillary tracts of the
substrate permanently waterproofing the surface yet still allowing the
surface to breathe.
USES
Waterproofing of cement based surfaces, i.e., cement block, cement
render and concrete floors.
Walls and floors of domestic, commercial and civil constructions,
foundation walls, structural floors and walls of industrial buildings, concrete
block walls in warehouses and domestic constructions, swimming pools,
storage tanks, tunnels and dams, waterproof barrier between base floor
slabs and concrete toppings.
FEATURES
PERFORMANCE DATA
Resists chemicals e.g. chlorine, ethylene glycol, petrol and diesel oil.
Protects-reinforcing bars from corrosion.
StrengthIncreases concrete strength by up to 20%.
SPECIFICATION
Apply to Portland cement based surfaces that are free from dirt, dust,
grease, oil, efflorescence and other contaminants.
Clean out and patch cracks larger than 0.25 mm thick.
Mechanically roughen smooth surfaces.
Use caustic soda solution to clean grease and oil contaminated surfaces.
Badly contaminated areas may require sand blasting to provide a positive
key.
Gloves and eye protection must be used when using acids and cleaning
agents.
The concrete/cement surface to be coated must be thoroughly saturated
MIXING
SET TIME
Crystals can grow up to 0.4 meters into the concrete in the presence of
water. Crystals grow approx. 1cm depth/week.
SHELF LIFE
12 Months.
If the level of the ground floor is at the same level as the ground
surface, the damp proofing course and the damp proofing membrane
should be continuous and stepped vertically as shown in the figure.
It should be flexible and at the junction it should be fillet at 75 mm
radius as shown.
Two
parallel
walls separated
by
air
gap
except at wall
ties which are of
impervious
material.
The method of
damp proofing is
similar to normal
single leaf-walls,
except that the
two leafs of the
cavity walls have
separate
damp
proof courses.