Nobel Prize

Contents

Introduction of Alfred Nobel.

Some Facts & Figures about the Prize.

What do the prize consists of.

Introduction to some recent Noble Laureates and their contribution.

A Brief

Alfred Nobel was born on 21 October 1833 in

Stockholm, Sweden.

His father Immanuel Nobel was a civil engineer

and In connection with his construction work
Immanuel Nobel also experimented with different
techniques for blasting rocks.

In Paris Alfred Nobel had invented Nitroglycerine,

a highly explosive liquid, with the help of an
Italian chemist.

Since it was more hazardous and powerful than

gunpowder, decided to develop a method for
controlled Detonation of Nitroglycerine.

Alfred Nobel

Alfred Nobel was asked to come back and work in the family enterprise which
was booming because of its deliveries to the Russian army.

Together with his father he performed experiments to develop nitroglycerine

as a commercially and technically useful explosive.

As the war ended and conditions changed, Immanuel Nobel was again forced
into bankruptcy.

After his return to Sweden in 1863, Alfred Nobel concentrated on developing

nitroglycerine as an explosive. Several explosions, including one (1864) in
which his brother Emil and several other persons were killed, convinced the
authorities that nitroglycerine production was exceedingly dangerous.

Alfred Nobel had to move his experimentation to a barge anchored on Lake

Malaren.

He soon found that mixing nitroglycerine with kieselguhr would turn the
liquid into a paste which could be shaped into rods of a size and form
suitable for insertion into drilling holes. In 1867 he patented this
material under the name of Dynamite.

Together these inventions drastically reduced the cost of blasting rock,

drilling tunnels, building canals and many other forms of construction
work.

The market for dynamite and detonating caps grew very rapidly and
Alfred Nobel also proved himself to be a very skillful entrepreneur and
businessman.

By 1865 his factory in Krummel near Hamburg, Germany, was exporting

nitroglycerine explosives to other countries in Europe, America and
Australia. Over the years he founded factories and laboratories in some
90 different places in more than 20 countries.

 War is the horror of horrors, the scariest crime. I

would like to invent a substance or a machine
which could make the wars impossible in general.

Nobel was very interested in social and peace-related

issues and held what were considered radical views in his
era.

Facts & Figures

Alfred Nobel established the prizes in 1895. His last will and
testament, giving the largest share of his fortune to a series of prizes.

For those who confer the "greatest benefit on mankind" in physics,

chemistry, peace, physiology or medicine, and literature.

It is a set of annual international awards bestowed in a number of

categories by Swedish and Norwegian committees in recognition of
academic, cultural and/or scientific advances.

The prizes in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature,

and Peace were first awarded in 1901.

The related Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences was established

by Sweden's central bank in 1968.

The Nobel prize was made of the mixture of gold and silver with 24 carat or
4.8.g gold coating.

864 Laureates and 25 organizations have been awarded the Nobel Prize
between 1901 and 2014.

47 Nobel Prizes to Women So Far.

The most common fields for Physics Laureates is particle physics, for
Chemistry Laureates it is biochemistry, for Medicine Laureates it is genetics
and for Laureates in Economic Sciences it is macroeconomics.

Most of the Literature Laureates write prose (Structured writing).

In Ancient Greece, laurel wreaths were awarded to victors as a sign of honor both in athletic competitions and in poetic meets.

What Do the Nobel Laureates Receive ?

The Nobel Diplomas :: Each Nobel Diploma is a unique work of art,

created by foremost Swedish and Norwegian artists and calligraphers.

The Nobel Medals :: The Nobel medals show the image of Alfred Nobel
on the face. The image on the reverse varies according to the
institution awarding the prize.

The Nobel Prize Amount :: The Nobel Prize amount for 2013 was set at
SEK(Swedish krona) 8.0 million per full Nobel Prize. Until 1968, in
principle more than three persons could share a Nobel Prize, but this
never happened in practice.

Financial Management

Nobel stipulated in his will that most of his estate, more than SEK 31 million (today
approximately SEK 1,702 million) should be converted into a fund and invested in
safe securities.

The Nobel Foundation is a private institution established in 1900 on the basis of the
will.

Fund is raised by Investing in real estate, bonds and secured loans, and also in most
types of stocks.

Investment amounts are tax exempted granted in 1946 by Swedish government.

Thank You