Balantidium coli

MicroPara
Arahmae Agustin Z.
BSN-ll Watson

A parasitic species of ciliate protozoan that

causes the disease Balantidiasis. It is the
only member of the ciliate phylum known
to be pathogenic to humans.

Morphology

Balantidium coli as seen in a wet mount of a stool

specimen. The organism is surrounded by cilia.

Transmission

Balantidium is the only ciliated

protozoan known to infect humans.
Balantidiasis is a zoonotic disease and
is acquired by humans via the feco-oral
route from the normal host, yhe pig,
where it is asymptomatic. Contaminated
water is the most common mechanism
of transmission.

Role in disease

Balantidium coli lives in the cecum and colon of

humans, pigs, rats and other mammals. It is not
readily transmissible from one species of host to
another because it requires a period of time to
adjust to the symbiotic flora of the new host.
Once it has adapted to a host species, the
protozoan can become a serious pathogen,
especially in humans. Trophozoites multiply and
encyst due to the dehydration of feces.

Infection occurs when the cysts are ingested,

usually through contaminated food or water.
Balantidium infection in immunocompetent
individuals is not unheard of, but it rarely causes
a serious disease of the gastrointestinal tract. It
can thrive in the gastroinatestinal tract as long as
there is a balance between the protozoan and
the host without causing dysenteric symptoms.
Infection most likely occurs in people with
malnutrition due to the low stomach acidity or
people with immune compromised systems.

LIFE CYCLE

Phylogeny:
Phylum Ciliophora

Organs affected:
Cecum and colon

Preferred definitive host:

Humans

Symptoms:
Proteolytic enzymes digest the
intestinal epithelium of the host.
Ulcer is flask-shaped, and causes
lymphocytic infiltration,
hemorrhage, secondary bacterial
infection. Large intestine and
appendix may be perforated.

Reservoir hosts:
Pigs, guinea pigs, rats, other
mammals.
Intermediate or vector hosts:
None
Geographical location:
Most common in Philippines, but is
cosmopolitan

Treatment:
Carbarsone, diiodohydroxyquin,
tetracycline.
Epidemiological control and
treatment are similar to those of E.
histolytica.